Lymph's Journey
Where does the interstitial fluid that will become lymph enter the lymphatic system through?
Lymphatic capillaries
What is the condition called where lymph movement is interrupted and lymph fluid accumulates = swelling
Edema
Where are lymph nodes located?
All throughout your body!
Which type of defense fights specific diseases?
Adaptive
What is the difference between "self" and "nonself" antigens?
"Nonself" = antigens that are NOT normally in our bodies; our immune system WILL fight these.
Which type of lymphatic vessel carries lymph towards the lymph nodes? (Efferent or afferent)
Afferent
What can happen during a transplant if the transplanted tissue does not have a close match in antigens with the recipient's?
Tissue rejection! The recipient's immune system can fight against the transplanted organ.
What is the general function of your lymph nodes?
Filters the lymph for potentially harmful antigens before it reaches your blood.
What is the function of a fever in fighting infections?
It tries to make the body an unsurvivable home for the disease-causing pathogen.
Which type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) directly attacks pathogens: T-cells or B-cells?
T-cells
After lymph has traveled through the afferent lymphatic vessel, where does it arrive?
The lymph node
Which condition is describes inflammation of the lymphatic vessels due to infection?
a) Lymphadenitis
b) Lymphangitis
c) Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
What is the general function of your spleen?
It filters blood for potentially harmful antigens
What is the first line of defense against pathogens called and what is an example of one?
Mechanical barriers. Examples include skin, hair, or mucous membranes.
Where are at least three locations your can find antibodies in your body?
Plasma, tissue fluids, breast milk, tears, nasal fluid, gastric juice, bile, urine, on B-cells, on white blood cells.
After lymph has traveled through the efferent lymphatic vessel, where does it travel to?
The collecting trunk
Which condition is describes inflammation of the lymph nodes following lymphangitis?
a) Lymphadenitis
b) Lymphangitis
c) Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenitis
What is the general function of your thymus?
It houses a LOT of lymphocytes and is a place where they can mature and form T-cells.
What is phagocytosis?
When white blood cells 'eat' pathogens. This is followed up by T-cells or complement killing it and the pathogen it ate.
Antibodies can trigger the release of complement to help kill pathogens. What are at least two ways complement can kill pathogens?
*Attract more white blood cells
* Break the cell membranes of foreign cells
* Altering the structure of foreign cells making them harmless
*Cause antigen-antibody clumping = easy phagocytosis
After lymph has traveled to the lymphatic trunk, where does it go? This is the located right before it is returned to the circulatory system through the subclavian vein.
The collecting duct (thoracic and right lymphatic duct)
What is an example of a diagnosis that would be classified as lymphadenopathy?
Tonsilitis, strep throat, cancers, etc.
What is the structure called on the lymph node where blood vessels as well as the efferent lymphatic vessels connect to the lymph node at?
The hilum
Adaptive defenses are broken down into two categories of immune response. Name those two types of immune response.
Cellular and Hormonal
How does a vaccine work?
Vaccines introduce a weakened/inactive version of a virus into your body. This allows your body to create memory cells of the virus so it knows how to fight it if you were to ever actually become infected with the virus.