Urinary System
What organ filters blood to form urine?
Kidney
What muscle contracts to allow inhalation?
Diaphragm
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
Small intestine
What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
Heart
Which two systems work together to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide?
Respiratory and circulatory systems
What tube carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
Alveoli
Your body releases hormones to help keep things balanced. What hormone does the pancreas release when your blood sugar is too high?
Insulin
What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What is homeostasis?
The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
What is the functional unit of the kidney that filters the blood?
Nephron
What is the correct path air follows from nose to alveoli? (7 steps)
Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
What is the role of liver/bile in digestion?
Emulsifies fats for easier digestion by enzymes
What is the function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen using hemoglobin
What is the main waste product excreted by the lungs?
Carbon dioxide
How does the urinary system help regulate blood pressure?
By controlling the volume of water excreted and releasing renin from the kidneys
How does the respiratory system help maintain pH balance in the body?
By controlling CO₂ levels, which affect acidity in the blood
Food doesn’t just fall into your stomach when you swallow—it gets pushed down. What is the name of the organ that does that?
esophagus
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, starting from the right atrium. (6 steps)
RA → RV → lungs → LA → LV → body
What enzyme in saliva begins breaking down starch?
amylase
What condition results from the kidney’s inability to filter waste effectively, possibly requiring dialysis?
Kidney failure
By controlling CO₂ levels, which affect acidity in the blood
Emphysema
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine
Describe how oxygen is removed from the blood?
Oxygen leaves the blood in the capillaries, where it moved into body cells through diffusion. After this, the now deoxygenated blood travels through veins back to the heart to be sent to the lungs for more oxygen.
A person is dehydrated and has low oxygen levels in their blood. Which 3 systems are involved in correcting this?
urinary, respiratory, circulatory