M5 Church and Society in Western Europe

The Power of the Church

1

** In 1152 this person, nicknamed "Barbarossa" becomes king of Germany

Frederick I

1

** Clergy members administer these as rites to achieve salvation

Sacraments

1

This individual was considered the supreme authority within the Church

Pope

1

Germany king Otto the Great's German-Italian empire became known as this

Holy Roman Empire

1

The Concordat of this German City was a compromise between the Pope and emperor on appointing bishops

Worms

Church Reform and Crusades

1

** This style of cathedrals evolved around 1100

Gothic

1

** In 1192, King Richard of England and this Muslim leader make peace in Jerusalem

Saladin

1

These priest had a vow of poverty and spent most days with the peasants

Friars

1

Three main armies gathered in this city to begin the first crusade

Constantinople 

1

This was the selling of religious offices

Simony

Changes in Medieval Society

1

** Population increased as food increased when farmers began using this system to plant two fields and let one rest

Three-field system

1

** In the middle ages authors began writing in everyday language, also known as this

Vernacular

1

These organizations of people in the same occupation helped influence the government and economy

Guilds

1

This system was created to avoid carrying a lot of money

Credit system

1

These people were university men and debated issues to increase knowledge

Scholastics

England and France Develop

1

** This was formed in England as judges' decisions created a unified body of law

Common law

1

** This limited the king's power and guaranteed basic political rights

Magna Carta

1

** The House of Lords and House of Commons make up this

Parliament

1

Following William the Conqueror's take over of England, many English rulers attempted to take part of this country

France

1

The meeting called by French king Philip IV is known as this

Estates-General

Troubles of the 14th Century

1

** In the 1300s Europe was struck by a deadly disease, also known as this

Black Death

1

** This French peasant girl believed in visions of saints

Joan of Arc

1

** Joan of Arc led the French army to a victory in this city

Orleans

1

** This was caused when the Italian Pope and the French Pope each declared the other one false

Great Schism

1

This weapon brought an end to the age of knights in Europe

Longbow