Gene Technology Basics
The manipulation of organisms or their genes is called this.
What is biotechnology?
These enzymes cut DNA at specific sites.
What are restriction enzymes?
These are proteins introduced through gene technology to help dissolve blood clots.
What is tissue plasminogen activator?
The scientist who proposed natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What is a species?
Breeding plants or animals for desired traits.
What is selective breeding?
Small circular DNA found in bacteria, often used in cloning.
What is a plasmid?
Adding working copies of defective genes to treat disease is called this.
What is gene therapy?
The idea that traits that help survival and reproduction get passed on.
What is natural selection?
This type of isolation occurs when species breed at different times.
What is temporal isolation?
The first recombinant genome used a plasmid with a gene from this type of organism.
What is an amphibian?
The method of inserting recombinant plasmids back into bacteria.
What is transformation?
The Ti plasmid is commonly used in crops for this type of resistance.
What is herbicide resistance?
When an extreme trait becomes favorable, it’s this type of selection.
What is directional selection?
Structures that are similar in form but serve different functions, showing common ancestry.
What are homologous structures?
This technique allows scientists to copy specific gene sequences in three steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
A method of analyzing DNA where radioactive probes identify complementary sequences.
What is hybridization?
Golden rice was engineered to reduce this common deficiency.
What is iron (or vitamin A) deficiency?
The 5 points of Darwin’s theory include overproduction, competition, variations, natural selection, and this final step.
What is speciation?
The emergence of many species from a single ancestor in a new environment.
What is adaptive radiation?
DNA fragments can be separated by size using this process.
What is gel electrophoresis?
A technique used to compare DNA banding patterns, often used in forensics.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
A vaccine made from DNA that provokes a cellular immune response.
What is a DNA vaccine?
When evolution happens in short bursts after long periods of stability.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Reduced genetic diversity after disasters like earthquakes or hunting.
What is a population bottleneck?