Chapter 45
The stepwise method used to collect, process, and test a specimen.
What is chain of custody?
The most important rule in making sure the centrifuge is balanced
What is the tube be of equal size and contains equal volume across from one another in the holders?
____ is the study of poisonous substances & drugs, & their effects on the body
Toxicology
true or false: urine specimens should be kept at room temp
false
The most frequently ordered reference laboratory procedure for hematology is the _______
CBC
What is the timeframe between A1c tests?
3 months
True or False
Viruses consist of a genetic core covered by a protein coat called a capsid.
True
Where is a strep testing commonly performed?
In the POL
Proper magnification used for an oil immersion
What is 100x?
The best way to ensure patients understood the at home instructions for specimen collection
What is have them repeat the instructions back?
what is the normal range of ph for urine?
5.5-8
what happens with glycouria (glucose in the urine)?
it occurs when the filtered glucose in the renal tubules is so high that it cannot be reabsorbed into the blood
Presence of inflammation in the body
True or False: Patients are required to fast from food and liquids (excluding water) before cholesterol levels are checked.
False
Total cholesterol and HDL levels are not significantly affected by food consumption
Enterobius vermicularis is commonly known as a...
Pinworm
Lyme disease comes from ?
Tick bites
what specimen is not included the blood borne pathogens standards?
urine
what does the diamond on the left indicates on a laboratory bottle? (triangle)
health hazard, inhalant or corrosive
Retention time for marijuana
what do fine and coarse granular casts indicate?
they indicate renal disease
What test measures the time it takes blood to clot and what is the normal value?
Prothrombin time (PT)
Normal value is 10-13 seconds
Describe after centrifugation what is happening in the tube from bottom to top.
Packed RBC's are at the bottom of the tube against the sealant, the WBC's and platelets are in the center buffy coat, and plasma is on top
what's the most common insect -borne infectious disease in north america
Lyme disease
what does hiv attack and destroy
t-helper lymphocytes
what is a quantitative test?
test result is expressed as a number
What are some specimens that are used in microbiology?
blood, urine, sputum, CSF, stool, wound material, biological sources
the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of distilled water is defined as __?
specific gravity
A rare pathologic condition, is a congenital deficiency in the body's ability to metabolize galactose to glucose
Galactosmia
What are four things that plasma transports?
nutrients, hormones, enzymes, mineral salts, gases, waste products
What type of lymphocyte can destroy harmful cells in early stages, preventing viruses and cancer cells from spreading?
Natural Killer Cells
what does the helicobacter pylori infect
stomachs mucus layer and lining
What vitamin is used for clotting and made by bacteria in our intestines?
Vitamin K
Pg 1191
What are the 4 main purposes for laboratory test?
1. To document the good health of a pt.
2. screen patients for disease and conditions
3. To help the provider diagnose a medical disease or disorder.
4. To help the provider decide most appropriate treatment, to monitor effects of medications and treatments, and to monitor disease
What is the purpose of the Sensitivity test on organisms?
to establish an appropriate antibiotic therapy for specific bacterium or fungi
which urine specimen is usually collected to determine glucose levels?
second voided
what does white (milky) urine indicate?
fats, pus
What are two causes of high hematocrit values?
dehydration and polycythemia
Elevated blood glucose levels may indicate what conditions? (Name at least 3)
diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, endocrine disorders, or chronic renal failure
#1 cause of UTI's
E. Coli
Pg1191
what is a swollen spleen or liver referred to
hepatosplenomegaly