Macedonian Origins and Early Kings
Many Greeks considered the Macedonians to be this type of people because they were viewed as uncivilized and were in constant conflict with their neighbors.
Philip II learned his advanced military tactics from this general while he was held as a hostage in Thebes.
Epaminondas
Alexander was born in 356 BC in this capital city of Macedonia.
Pella
Alexander's first major victory against the Persian satraps occurred here in 334 BC.
Battle of the Granicus River
Alexander fulfilled a prophecy to become "King of all Asia" by using his sword to cut this.
Gordian Knot
The early Macedonian government featured a king elected from a this selected group of people.
The Noble Families
He replaced the standard spear with this type of weapon, a pike measuring 13 to 20 feet in length.
Sarissa
On his father's side, Alexander claimed he was a descendant of this mythological hero.
Heracles
Following his defeat at this battle, Darius III fled the field, abandoning his family to Alexander.
Battle of Issus
To capture this island seaport, Alexander’s engineers constructed a massive causeway or land bridge to siege this city.
Tyre
Early kings were advised by an assembly of these type of men who represented various tribal factions.
Weapon-bearing men.
Philip created a professional army that utilized these specific formations and tactics.
Macedonian Phalanx and Oblique formation
Starting at age 13, Alexander was personally tutored for three years by this world-renowned philosopher.
Aristotle
This 331 BC battle represented the moment when the Persian Empire was truly doomed.
Battle of Gaugamela (or Arbela)
After Alexander forced his way into a temple, this priestess at this site proclaimed, "My son, thou art invincible".
Oracle of Delphi
This early ruler served as a tributary to Darius when Persia first began its invasion of Greece.
Amyntas I
To ensure political loyalties and alliances, Philip II took this total number of wives.
Alexander used this hero as his primary role model after reading this Homeric epic.
Achilles
In India, Alexander defeated King Porus and his 200 war elephants at this location.
Battle of Hydaspes
While in Egypt, Alexander visited the Oracle of Siwa, where he was proclaimed the son of this deity.
Zeus-Ammon
This king moved the Macedonian capital to Pella and became a famous patron of the arts.
Archelaus
In 338 BC, Philip effectively unified Greece under Macedonian rule following his victory at this battle.
Battle of Chaeronea
At the age of 10, Alexander famously tamed this powerful and iconic horse.
Bucephalus
Before becoming king, Alexander secured Macedonian dominance over Greece by fighting as a general at this battle at age 18.
Battle of Chaeronea
In a drunken rage at Samarqand, Alexander killed this close friend who had previously saved his life in battle.
Cleitus the Black