Inventions
What was the main purpose of the steam engine?
To provide power for factories and transportation.
What were common working conditions like in factories during the Industrial Revolution?
Poor ventilation, long hours, and unsafe environments.
What were the main reasons immigrants came to America during the Industrial Revolution?
Economic opportunities and escaping hardships in their home countries.
What is imperialism?
The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect social class structures?
It created a distinct working class and a wealthy industrial middle class.
Who invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized the cotton industry?
Eli Whitney.
What was the typical age of children working in factories during this time?
As young as 5-6 years old.
Which group of immigrants was primarily associated with the potato famine in the 1840s?
Irish immigrants.
Which continent was heavily impacted by European imperialism in the late 19th century?
Africa.
What cultural movement emphasized reason and individualism during this time
The Enlightenment.
What invention allowed for faster communication over long distances during the Industrial Revolution?
The telegraph.
What movement arose to improve working conditions and rights for workers?
The labor movement/strike.
What was the name of the processing center for immigrants arriving on the East Coast of the U.S.?
Ellis Island.
What was the Berlin Conference?
A meeting where European powers divided Africa among themselves without considering local populations.
How did art and literature change during the Industrial Revolution?
They began to reflect the struggles and experiences of the working class.
Which machine, developed by James Hargreaves, increased the efficiency of textile production?
The spinning jenny.
What was a common result of factory work on workers' health?
Increased risk of injuries and illnesses.
How did immigrants contribute to the U.S. economy during the Industrial Revolution?
They provided cheap labor for factories and helped build infrastructure.
Which country colonized India during the imperialism era?
Britain.
What was one impact of increased urbanization due to the Industrial Revolution?
Growth of cities and changes in family structures.
What was the significance of the power loom in the textile industry?
It automated weaving, increasing production speed and reducing labor costs.
What did the Factory Acts in Britain aim to accomplish?
To regulate working hours and conditions, particularly for women and children.
What was the primary language spoken by many immigrants from Germany during this period?
German.
What was the primary economic motivation behind imperialism in Africa and India?
The acquisition of resources and markets for industrial goods.
How did the Industrial Revolution influence women's roles in society?
Women began to work in factories and demanded more rights and equality.