Term Translation
неиспользуемые ресурсы
idle resources
перестать искать работу
to give up looking for a job
an extended period of general underemployment of our economic resources
depression
What are the main issues of macroeconomics?
Inflation, unemployment, output and growth.
Define the type of conditional in these sentences:
It would help our exports if you employed more people in the markets.
We won't accept a pay deal if it's less than 5 %.
2
1
внешнее последствие экономической деятельности
externality
ссужать / одалживать деньги под 3%
to lend money at 3 %
a level above zero consistent with full employment at which the demand for labor equals the supply of labor
the natural rate of unemployment
What does tax shifting usually depend on?
Whether taxes are shifted forward, backward or not at all will depend upon the elasticity of demand and supply.
Match these alternatives to if with their meanings: as long as / providing / unless / in case
- to avoid a possible problem later
- only if
- except if
as long as / providing = only if
unless = except if
in case = to avoid a problem later
инфляция, вызванная ростом издержек производства
cost-push inflation
разрушать покупательную способность единицы валюты
to erode the purchasing power of a unit of currency
a medium of exchange based on the debt of a private firm or individual
IOU money
What is the difference between private, public and merit goods?
A private good is a good that, if consumed by one person, cannot be consumed by another.
A public good is a good that, even if it is consumed by one person, is still available for consumption by others.
Merit goods are goods that society thinks people should consume or receive, no matter what their incomes are.
Explain the difference between these wishes:
1) I wish I had taken French in high school.
2) I wish I worked three days a week.
3) I wish you would pay more attention.
1) Wish to change something in the past.
2) Wish to change something in the present.
3) Polite imperative.
рост занятости, количества производимой продукции и потребительской активности
expansion of employment, output and consumption
снижать способность бедного населения покупать товары первой необходимости
to reduce the ability of the poor to buy necessities
a function of money which permits it to be used to make purchases in the future
store of value
Name the four stages of the business cycle in order.
Boom, contraction, recession, expansion.
Explain the difference between the four types of conditional sentences. Give examples.
0: If you heat up water at 100 degrees, it boils.
1: If the weather is nice, we will go camping.
2: If I were you, I wouldn't trust him.
3: If she had known how to use the mixer, she wouldn't have broken it.
принцип налогообложения по платежеспособности
the ability-to-pay principle of taxation
взять на себя бремя налогов
to assume the burden of taxes
the amount that a person has left buying necessities
discretionary income
What are the qualities that money should posses?
Stability, portability, durability, uniformity, divisibility, recognizability.
What do we call a mixed conditional? What types are there? Give examples.
2+1: If she got back late last night, she won't come to work today.
2+3: If you were a more experienced driver, you wouldn't have crashed your car.
3+2: If she hadn't missed the bus, she would be here now.