Properties of Water
What kind of bonds do water molecules form with one another?
Hydrogen Bonds
What are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
What is dehydration synthesis?
The reaction that bonds monomers together into polymers by removing water
What are the primary components of lipids?
fatty acids and glycerol
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
How does water's high specific heat benefit living organisms?
It allows them to regulate their temperatures and not be affected by sudden changes in the environmental temperature.
What is the chemical formula of glucose?
C6H12O6
Describe the process of hydrolysis.
Using h2o to split polymers
How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats?
sat fats have all single bonds, but unsaturated fats have at least one double bond
What are the five nitrogen bases bases found in nucleic acids?
Thymine, Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Explain what cohesion is and give an example of how it is important for life.
Cohesion is how water molecules like to bond to one another and it can lead to capillary action, which allows plants to get water up to their leaves.
What is the 2 main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
short-term energy storage
structural support
How are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis related?
They are involved in managing the size of macromolecules
What is the function of phospholipids in biological membranes?
to provide structure and a protective barrier for the cell
What is the role of DNA in living organisms?
To STORE and TRANSMIT genetic material.
Describe how the polarity of water molecules contributes to its unique properties.
The fact that H2O can create hydrogen bonds due to its polarity means it can have multiple different properties.
Describe the functional difference between starch and cellulose.
one is used for energy storage and the other is for cell wall structure
Provide an example of a biological macromolecule formed by dehydration synthesis.
DNA, RNA, Triglycerides, maltose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, lactose, and sucrose
Describe the role of triglycerides in energy storage.
helps to store long-term energy in the bonds
What are the 3 main differences in DNA and RNA?
single helix vs double
deoxyribose vs ribose sugar
uracil vs thymine
Why is water often referred to as the "universal solvent"?
It can dissolve most other polar molecules.
Name 3 different monosaccharides
glucose
fructose
galactose
If you bonded 5 glucose molecules together what would the new chemical formula be?
C30H52O26
Correctly identify the part of the phospholipid that is hydrophyllic, and also tell me if it is polar or nonpolar.
The phosphate group/head and it is polar.
If a DNA molecule contains 35% Guanine (G), what percent of the molecule contains Thymine (T)?
15% Thymine