Carbohydrates
What is the purpose of carbohydrates for a person?
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for a person.
Give at least two examples of lipids.
Fats and oils
(Butter, olive oil, vegetable oil, lard ect.)
DNA and RNA.
What is the building block of proteins?
Amino acids.
What are the four categories of organic molecules?
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is the building block of lipids?
Fatty acids.
What is the building block of nucleic acids, and what are the three parts?
Building block: nucleotide
Three parts: five-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
How many different amino acids are there?
20
What is a polymer?
Long chains of molecules.
What is the building block for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, a single sugar.
What is the function of lipids?
They provide long-term storage of energy in the body
What are the four different nitrogen containing bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
Name three functions of proteins.
They form muscle, they transport O2, they act as hormones and enzymes, they determine how bodies look and function.
What is the building block for all four of the organic molecules?
Carbohydrates: sugar
Lipids: fatty acids
Proteins: amino acids
Nucleic acids: nucleotide
What is the difference between simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates? Give an example of each. How do you know which is which?
Simple carbohydrates give you energy for a short period of time, while complex carbohydrates give you energy for a long period of time.
To tell the difference, you use the Benedicts solution.
Ex: Simple: Honey, candy, sugar
Ex: Complex: Bread, pasta, rice
Describe the structure of fatty acids.
A chain of carbons with hydrogen attached to each side.
Describe the shape and structure of DNA.
Looks like a twisted ladder. The rails are made from sugars and phosphates. The rungs are made from different kinds of nitrogen.
What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids?
A peptide bond.
What element are all of the organic molecules based on?
Carbon (C)
What are the three classes of carbohydrates, and what do they do?
Starch: provide a quick form of energy for the body, used in food storage in plants.
Glycogen: Used for food storage in animals.
Cellulose: Used for structural support in plants.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? (Their structure, healthy vs. unhealthy, what sources they come from, state of matter at room temperature, example)
Saturated fats: have two carbons attached to each carbon, unhealthy fats from animal sources, solid at room temperature, ex: butter.
Unsaturated fats: Missing at least one hydrogen, misshaped, healthy fats from plant sources, liquid at room temperature, ex: olive oil.
List three similarities and three differences between DNA and RNA.
Similarities: both have four bases, both have bases that contain C, G, and A, both contain a type of sugar.
Differences: RNA has one strand while DNA is a double helix, DNA's base contains T and RNA's base contains U, RNA can leave the nucleus and DNA cannot.
What is the difference between the 20 types of amino acids, and what determines the shape and function of a protein?
The "R" group.
What determines the behavior and looks of an organic molecule?
Their form and shape.