Macromolecules Basics
What do we call the subunits or 'building blocks' of macromolecules?
Monomers
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What are the two monomers commonly found in lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acid
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotide
Big molecules composed of many "building blocks" put together are called...
Polymers
What three letters would we find at the end of MANY names of carbohydrates?
-OSE
Which elements would we find in lipids?
C, H, O
Which elements would we find in proteins?
C, H, O, N
What elements do we find in nucleic acids?
C, H, O, N, P
Carbon
Lactose is a carbohydrate that is made up of two simple sugars (glucose and galactose).
What is the scientific name for a carbohydrate made of two sugars?
Disaccharide
What is the MAIN FUNCTION of a lipid?
Long-term energy storage
What part of your body is made up of mostly protiens?
Muscle
DNA and RNA
What do we call a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions?
Enzyme
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are complex carbohydrates made of many single sugars. These types of molecules are called...?
Polysaccharides
Saturated Fats
What is the polymer of a protein called?
A protein OR a polypeptide
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
Store and transmit genetic information.
What does it mean when we say that enzymes are SPECIFIC?
Their active site only fits with one particular substrate
Athletes sometimes eat meals heavy in carbs before they compete. Why would they do this?
Carbs = Quick Energy!
What is the name of the type of lipid that makes up cell membranes?
Phospholipid
Enzymes are special proteins that act as catalysts.
What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?
Loses its shape, may also lose its function
Describe TWO DIFFERENCES between DNA and RNA.
DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded
DNA has thymine, RNA had uracil
DNA had deoxyribose sugar, RNA has ribose sugar