Water Properties
What type of bond holds two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom in a water molecule?
Covalent bonds
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the primary function of lipids?
Energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino Acids
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA & RNA
What property allows water molecules to stick to other substances?
Adhesion
What is the chemical ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1
What is the monomer of lipids?
Triglyceride: glycerol & 3 fatty acids
What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?
Peptide Bonds
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the term for water’s ability to resist rapid temperature changes?
High heat capacity
Name a disaccharide and its components.
Ex. Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have single bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.
What is the role of hemoglobin?
Transports oxygen in the blood
What nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil (U)
Why does ice float on water?
Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the expansion of water molecules in a crystal lattice.
What carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What type of lipid forms the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What happens to an enzyme if it is exposed to extreme heat or pH changes?
It denatures (loses its shape and function)
What is the main function of DNA?
Storing genetic information
What is the primary reason water is called the "universal solvent"?
Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid due to its polarity.
What process breaks down polysaccharides into simple sugars?
Hydrolysis
What process converts unsaturated fats into trans fats?
Hydrogenation
What are the three main parts of an enzyme reaction?
Substrate, active site, and product
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group