Energetics
Measure of energy unavailable for doing
work. The more energy released from a system, the
more randomness.
What is Entropy?
This is the term for the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the Active site?
These small structures are the site of protein synthesis.
What is ribosomes?
The cell membrane is called this kind of barrier because it lets some substances pass but blocks others.
What is semi-permeable?
The cell membrane is mainly made up of these molecules arranged in a bilayer.
What are Phospholipids?
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transferred. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.
What is the first Law of thermodynamics?
This molecule stores energy and is often used by enzymes to drive reactions.
What is ATP?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
This type of transport moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration without energy.
What is Passive transport (diffusion)?
This model describes the cell membrane as flexible with proteins embedded like tiles in a mosaic.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Negative ΔG, Spontaneous, example: a bonfire
What is Exergonic reaction?
When an enzyme loses its shape due to heat or pH changes, this has happened.
What is denaturation?
In plant cells, this large structure stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What is the central vacuole?
This form of passive transport uses protein channels to move molecules like glucose across the membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The “head” of a phospholipid is described as this because it is attracted to water.
What is hydrophilic?
Positive ΔG, non-spontaneous, example: Melting Ice at 0˚C
What is Endergonic reaction?
This type of inhibitor binds to the active site and blocks the substrate from binding.
What is a competitive inhibitor?
This structure consists of a network of membranes and can be “rough” with ribosomes or “smooth” without them.
What is the Endoplasmic reticulum?
This is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is Osmosis?
These molecules help stabilize the membrane’s fluidity, especially when temperatures change.
What is Cholesterol
When a perfume bottle is opened and the molecules spread throughout the room, entropy does this.
What is increase?
This is how Enzymes speed up a reaction without being consumed.
What is lower the activation energy of a reaction?
hese short hairlike structures can beat in unison to move a cell or sweep substances along its surface.
What are cilia?
This process occurs when a cell engulfs large particles or liquids by forming vesicles with its membrane.
What is endocytosis?
These membrane proteins span the bilayer and help substances cross the membrane.
What are Integral proteins?