Carbohydrates
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is the biggest function of lipids?
Energy storage.
Name the four structures of proteins
Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
What three things make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
What are the two structural polysaccharides?
Cellulose and Chitin
What are the two parts of a triglyceride?
3 Fatty Acid tails and a Glycerol "backbone"
What process allows for the combination of two amino acids to form a dipeptide?
Dehydration Synthesis
What are the primary elements that make up nucleic acids?
H, C, O, N, P
Name all three glycosidic linkage types for carbohydrates.
Alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6, and beta 1-4
Describe dehydration synthesis.
Bonding molecules covalently by removing water (an -H from one and an -OH from the other)
What are the three parts of an amino acid? (generally)
Amino group, "R" group, and a Carboxyl group
When substrates and their enzyme join temporarily, them form what?
Enzyme-substrate complex
Name the three types of polysaccharides in the category of starches.
Amylopectin, Amylose, and Glycogen
What type of lipids make up the framework of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What kind of bond is between two amino acids?
Peptide bond
What are the base pairings for DNA and RNA?
DNA: A-T C-G
RNA: A-U C-G
What are the main functions of carbohydrates? (Name at least 2)
Energy storage, structure, cell to cell signaling
Name at least two differences between Saturated and Unsaturated fats.
1. Saturated fats have no C-C double bonds but unsaturated fats have one or more C-C double bonds
2. Saturated fats are solid at room temp. but unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp.
3. Saturated fats are typically from animals but unsaturated fats are typically from plants
Name ALL eight functions of proteins in living things
Enzymes, Defense, Transport, Storage, Hormones, Membrane proteins, Structure, and Contractile/motor
Name at least three differences between DNA and RNA.
- DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
- DNA uses A,G,C,T, while RNA uses A,G,C,U
- DNA is a helix while RNA is hairpics and loops
- DNA lives long lives, while RNA has short lives
- DNA is goes through transcription, while RNA goes through translation
- DNA is found in the nucleus or mitochondria while RNA is found in the nucleus or cytoplasm