General to Macromolecules
Mono means ___, Di means ___, Tri means ___, and poly means ____
Mono = 1
Di = 2
Tri = 3
Poly = Many/multiple
A single unit that makes up a protein
Amino Acid
A triglyceride is made of these...
Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
A single unit of a carbohydrate is called this.
Two monomers of carbohydrates combined are called this.
10+ monomers of carbohydrates combined are called this.
Single = Monosaccharide
2 = Disaccharide
10+ = Polysaccharide
A single unit of nucleic acids are called this
Nucleotide
The name of the reaction that is used to form bonds. (Hint: water is a product)
Dehydration Synthesis (or condensation reaction)
This is the name of the bond that forms between two amino acids
Peptide bond
Saturated fats are distinguished from unsaturated fats because they don't have these.
Double bonds
This is the chemical formula for glucose.
C6H12O6
These are the 4 nucleic acids that are found in DNA
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
The name of the reaction that is used to cut bonds. (Hint: water is a reactant)
Hydrolysis
When proteins no longer function they are called.
Denatured
Membrane.
Carbohydrates are ____ energy sources compared to lipids.
Faster/quicker/easier
Guanine and Adenine are these types of nucleic acids. Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil are these types of nucleic acids.
Adenine + Guanine = Purines
Cytosine + Thymine + Uracil = Pyrimidines
These are the 6 elements essential to life
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur
The 5 parts of an amino acid
A Hydrogen
An Amine Group
A Carboxyl Group
The side chain/R Group
Butter is an example of _____ fat, while oils are an example of ____ fat.
Butter = Saturated fat
Oil = Unsaturated fat
A few examples of polysaccharides + their functions
Cellulose = Structure (plants)
Starch = Energy storage (plants)
Glycogen = Energy storage (animals)
These are the 2 main forms you find polynucleotides in nature.
RNA and DNA
If something is polar than that means it is hydro____.
If something is non-polar than it is hydro___.
Polar is Hydrophilic
Non-polar is hydrophobic
The different degrees of protein formation
1st degree = polypeptide chain
2nd degree = initial folding held together by h bonds between carboxyl and amine groups (alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet)
3rd degree = a second folding influenced by the R groups (this is the minimum folding necessary for a protein to be functional)
4th degree = other 3rd degree polypeptide chains coming together
A few functions of lipids.
High density energy storage
Thermal Insulation
Hormones
Cell membranes
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose are all examples of this type of carbohydrate.
Disaccharide
The 3 parts of a nucleotide.
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous Base
5 carbon sugar (ribose/deoxyribose)