M
What are the building block of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What 5 elements are found in all macromolecules?
What is another term for macromolecules?
Biological molecules
Repeating identical or nearly identical subunits are called?
Monomers
Multiple ___________ are held together by covalent bonds to form ____________
Monomers
Polymers
What is a covalent bond made up of?
A shared pair of electrons
What are disaccharides made up of?
Two Monosaccharides
(Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide = Disaccharide)
What type of covalent bond holds amino acids together?
Peptide bond
What are carbohydrate polymers called?
Polysaccharides
What are the 3 monosaccharides?
Fructose
Galactose
What are the 3 disaccharides?
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What are the 3 polysaccharides?
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
What are the 3 types of lipids?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
What are the 3 macromolecules we've learned about so far?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
What is the primary function of glucose?
An energy source
What is the primary function of triglycerides?
Energy storage
Where is fructose found?
Fruit
...and honey
What are triglycerides composed of?
1 molecule of glycerol
3 fatty acids
What is a phospholipid composed of?
A phosphate group
A glycerol
2 fatty acids
What is the steroid nucleus used for?
The starting point of all steroid based lipids
What are the 5 components of amino acid structure?
Central carbon
A hydrogen
An amino group
A carboxyl group
An R group
How many R groups are there? And why?
What must occur for a peptide bond to form?
The amino group of one amino acid must join/line up with the carboxyl group of the other amino acid
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats only have single bonds. Unsaturated fats have one double bond.