Macromolecules 1
The Functions of Carbohydrates.
Short-term energy storage and structural support.
What is the function of DNA and RNA?
DNA holds our genetic material and RNA helps to make/synthesize proteins.
This organelle provides the cell with the ATP it needs to perform its functions and activities.
Mitochondrion
This organelle directs cell processes by providing DNA instructions. It is surrounded by its own membrane and is covered with pores.
Nucleus
This cell type contains a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells
List the Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA
What is the function of a lipid
Provide long-term energy storage and insulation
Their function is to synthesis proteins. They are free-floating or may be found attached to the ER.
Ribosomes
This fills the space inside a cell. It is semi-fluid and is composed of water and dissolved materials.
Cytoplasm
This cell type has no nucleus. Bacteria are the only example of this cell type.
Prokaryotic Cells
What are some functions of proteins?
Build and repair, transport molecules, speed up reactions (enzymes)
What are some examples of carbohydrates?
Sugars (glucose, fructose, cellulose, maltose, lactose, etc)
Starch
What does the cell wall in a plant cell do?
Support and protect
What is inside the nucleus?
DNA
Fats, oils, and waxes are examples of this macromolecule.
Lipids
Building blocks of proteins are?
Amino Acids
Monomer of nucleic acids are?
Nucleotides
What is the name of the organelle in a plant cell that completes photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
What is the role of the vacuole? Why does a plant cell need a large vacuole?
Stores water, nutrients, and wastes. Plants need to be able to store large amounts of water.
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess
List the 4 macromolecules and list their function in the body.
Carbohydrates-energy, support, make up the cell wall
Proteins: structure of cells, transport molecules, build and repair.
Lipids: extra energy resource, water control
Nucleic Acids: Holds our genetic information and helps with the production of proteins.
List an example of a food from each of the macromolecules.
Carbohydrates: bread, pasta, sugary drinks, fruits, vegetables, cake/pies/desserts
Lipids: Oils (vegetable, olive, etc), Fats
Nucleic Acids: Anything that comes from an animal will have the DNA
Proteins: Meats, beans, seafood
This organelle digests worn out cell parts
Lysosome
What three things does the cell membrane do?
It protects the inside of the cell, it controls the movement of material in and out of the cell, it supports and gives a cell its shape.
The three differences between plant and animal cells are:
1. Plant cells have a cell wall
2. Plant cells have chloroplasts
3. Plant cells have a larger vacuole