Macromolecules 1
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide (glucose)
What elements make up lipids?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What elements make up nucleic acids?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
What macromolecule are enzymes?
proteins
Do enzymes provide energy for chemical reactions?
No, they just lower the activation energy.
What elements make up proteins?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What is a function of carbohydrates?
To provide structure (chitin, cell wall) and a fast source of energy
What is the structure of a carbohydrate like?
Ring(s)!
active site
If an enzyme is working at full speed and someone adds more and more and more substrate, will the enzyme speed up?
No, the enzyme can only work so fast. If it is at its max speed, it cannot go any faster, so the substrate concentration will just continue to build.
What is the monomer of a protein?
amino acids
What is a function of nucleic acids?
to store genetic information
what is the process called when the monomers join together to make polymers by releasing water?
dehydration
Some people cannot digest milk products because they lack a specific enzyme. Which enzyme would be used to break down the lactose in milk?
lactase
An enzyme is working normally. A scientist changes the pH of the environment, and the reaction slows dramatically. The substrate is still present. What most likely happened?
The enzyme denatured.
If available, the body will always digest which macromolecule for energy first?
carbohydrates!
What is the process called when a polymer breaks into monomers by adding water?
hydrolysis
What function do BOTH carbohydrates and lipids provide?
energy storage
What do enzymes do to the activation energy and why is this important?
In an endothermic reaction, does the reactants or the products start at the higher energy level?
products
A student makes a model of a macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The student claims this macromolecule is a part of cellulose. Is the student correct? Explain why or why not
No. Cellulose is a carbohydrate (CHO).
A person has not eaten for several hours and their blood glucose level begins to drop. The body needs to access short-term stored energy. What molecule can be broken down into glucose to help provide energy?
Glycogen!
A scientist discovers a molecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that does not dissolve well in water and stores large amounts of energy. Which macromolecule is it most likely?
Lipid
A student places an enzyme in a solution with a very high temperature. At first, the reaction speeds up, but after the temperature gets even higher, the reaction suddenly stops. What most likely happened to the enzyme? Explain why.
The enzyme denatured. The high temperature changes the enzyme's 3D structure, so the substrate cannot bind properly.
A scientist is working with an enzyme. He turns the heat up for a little bit of time. The enzyme denatures, but it only denatures partially. The active site is still the correct shape. Can the enzyme still work?
Yes!