carbohydrates
what is a carbohydrate?
an energy source from foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains.
true or false: monosaccharides can combine through glycosidic bonds to form larger carbohydrates?
true.
what is a lipid?
lipids are non-polar compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, and lesser amounts of oxygen.
what is an ester linkage?
the connection between the hydroxyl group linked to the carboxyl group.
what's the difference between alpha-glycosidic linkage and beta-glycosidic linkage?
alpha-glycosidic linkage is designated when the OH group bonded to the 1-carbon is DOWN and beta-glycosidic linkage is when the OH group bonded to the 1-carbon is UP.
true or false: monosaccharides cannot occur in linear form?
false.
what are triglycerides?
Triglycerides are the most well-known fats and consist of a glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains.
what is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
the condensation reaction between hydroxyl on glycerol and carboxyl on fatty acid.
what are disaccharides?
Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a dehydration synthesis reaction.
what direction are carbons counted in glucose?
carbons are counted in a clockwise direction, 1,2,3,4,5,6
whats the structure of fatty acids?
unbranched chains of carbons and a carboxyl group at one end.
what's the structure of glycerol?
3 carbon molecules, each carbon has a hydroxyl group attached.
what are polysaccharides?
polysaccharides are long chains of carbohydrate molecules composed of several smaller monosaccharides.
what bond links monosaccharides?
the bond that links monosaccharides is called glycosidic linkage.
what are some properties of saturated fat?
no double bonds between carbons, solid at room temperature (ex. Animal fats, butter, lard)
what do the 4 carbon rings of steroids consist of?
3 rings consist of 6 carbons and 1 ring consists of 5 carbons.
what is the structure or ribose?
ribose consists of five carbon atoms, ten hydrogen atoms and five oxygen atoms.
what are the functions of polysaccharides?
energy storage, structural support and cell-to-cell communication
what are some properties of unsaturated fat?
one or more double bonds between carbons, liquid at room temperature (ex. Plant fats, olive oil)
what is wax used for?
wax is used as a flexible waterproof coating on various plants and animals to conserve water and act as a barrier.