proteins
what are proteins?
proteins are large molecules that consist of many amino acid subunits that are joined together by peptide bonds folded into a specific 3-D shape.
how many different amino acids are there?
There are 20 different amino acids and 9 essential amino acids.
what is the function of DNA?
store and transmit genetic information and directs synthesis of new proteins and organic molecules.
what's an example of a polymer?
Neculic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
what is the structure of amino acids?
the central carbon atom is attached to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group.
true or false: are the 9 essential amino acids made by the body?
false.
what is the function of RNA?
transmits DNA into functional proteins and stores genetic information for some viruses.
true or false: do nucleic acids in DNA and RNA contain a phosphate group?
True.
what are the most common secondary structure types?
alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet are the most common secondary structures. both are held together in shape by hydrogen bonds.
what is meant by denaturation?
denaturation is the loss of both the structure and function of a protein.
what are nucleotides?
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids.
what nucleic acids are phosphodiester linkages found in?
is mainly found in DNA and RNA.
what are peptide bonds?
peptide bonds are the chemical bond between amino acids
what are examples of conditions that can unfold the protein?
Extreme conditions such as heat, pH, salinity, mechanical agitation are all examples.
what do nucleotide structures consist of?
5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
what are the two types of nitrogenous bases?
purine bases and pyrimidine bases
what is a tertiary structure?
the overall 3-D shape of the protein due to the interactions between the R groups.
how many different protein structures are there?
there are 4 protein structures (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure)
what are nucleic acids?
Nucleic acids are large molecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.
true or false: DNA is double-stranded
true.