Macro
These are monomers that build proteins. There are 20 of them total. 8 are essential.
What are amino acids?
These fats are considered healthy and can be liquid at room temperature. They can be PUFAs (poly) or MUFAs (mono).
What are UNSATURATED fats?
Potatoes, pasta, rice, fruits and candy are all good sources of this type of macromolecule.
What are carbohydrates?
This word describes the natural movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is diffusion?
This general type of transport uses ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient (from low to high).
What is active transport?
This type of transport bring large amounts of materials into the cell. Examples are pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It uses energy.
What is endocytosis?
A chain that is made of amino acids.
What is a polypeptide?
This type of macromolecule stores energy.
What are lipids (or fats)?
Candy and brown sugar are all good sources of this specific type of carbohydrate.
What is a disaccharide?
This type of transport allows glucose to enter the cell using a protein transported from high to low concentraion. Otherwise, glucose is too big to fit through the cell membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?
This type of transport allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to travel directly through the phospholipid bilayer.
What is simple diffusion?
This is the name given to the process that our white blood cells use to engulf bacteria (and then eventually destroy them using lysosomes).
What is phagocytosis?
This is the name of the bond that is broken during the digestive process that breaks down our proteins into amino acids.
What is a peptide bond?
This lipid is considered a STEROL nucleus made of 4 hydrocarbon rings. The center sterol nucleus or ring is a feature of all steroid hormones.
What is cholesterol?
This life sustaining process manufactures the carbohydrate monomer in the chloroplast.
What is photosynthesis?
Once absorbed in the blood stream, excess glucose is stored this complex carbohydrate. Later, it can be broken down and release glucose into the blood. This molecule is stored in the liver and the large muscles.
What is glycogen?
This general type of transport doesn't use any energy, goes from high to low concentration and is essential for all life on earth.
What is passive transport?
This specific transport protein moves sodium and potassium ions both against the concentration gradient.
What is the sodium potassium pump?
This word describes what the heat of a high fever does to our proteins.
What is to denature (denaturation)?
This type of fat is found in processed foods. They are artificial (human made) and proven to be bad for human health.
What are trans fats?
These nucleic acids are essential in the process of protein synthesis and the expression of our genes.
What are DNA and RNA?
This type of solution has a very high concentration of solute compared to the cell. It causes the cell to shrink because of water loss due to the process of osmosis.
What is a hypertonic solution?
This is the 4th main type of macromolecule in the human body. It won't be on the test in detail but you still need to know it exists.
What are nucleic acids?
This type of transport brings a very specific type of molecule into the cell. It uses receptors on the outside of the cell membrane and makes a vesicle in the cell.
What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
This type of lipid stores energy in fat cells and is made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains.
What is a triglyceride?