Symptoms
What is another common name for Major Depressive Disorder?
Clinical depression
What are the three main categories of factors that contribute to MDD?
Biological, psychological, and environmental
What type of healthcare professional can diagnose MDD?
A doctor or psychiatrist
Name one area of everyday life that MDD can affect.
Relationships, school, work, or physical health
What is the general term for treatment that involves talking with a mental health professional?
Psychotherapy
Name two common emotional symptoms of MDD.
Persistent sadness and feelings of worthlessness
Name one brain chemical involved in mood regulation.
Serotonin or dopamine
What diagnostic manual is used to evaluate MDD?
DSM-5-TR
Why might someone with MDD stop attending social events?
Social withdrawal, fatigue, or loss of interest
What does CBT stand for?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
What is the term for constantly feeling tired, even after sleeping?
Fatigue
What major life stage during the teenage years involves significant hormonal changes?
Puberty
How many symptoms out of nine must someone experience to meet the DSM-5-TR symptom requirement?
At least five
How can MDD affect a student's school performance?
Difficulty concentrating, memorizing information, and staying motivated
What does Interpersonal Therapy focus on improving?
Relationships and communication
What is it called when someone avoids friends, family, and social activities?
Social withdrawal
What type of life events, such as losing a loved one or experiencing violence, can trigger depression?
Traumatic life events
Over what minimum time period must the symptoms occur?
Two weeks
How can MDD affect someone's appetite?
They may eat significantly more or less than usual
What does SSRI stand for, and what do these medications do?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; they block serotonin reabsorption so it remains available between nerve cells for longer
Name two ways MDD can affect someone's thinking or mental processes.
Difficulty concentrating, memory problems, negative thought patterns, or difficulty making decisions
How can childhood trauma increase someone's risk of developing depression?
Negative childhood experiences can increase the risk of developing clinical depression later in life.
Name two methods healthcare professionals use when diagnosing MDD.
Clinical interviews, questionnaires, medical evaluations, or mental health assessments
What part of the brain can become smaller in individuals with a history of major depression?
The hippocampus
Name two additional treatments that may be used for severe or treatment-resistant depression.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)