Early Human Migration
Where did early humans originate about 200,000 years ago?
Africa
What do pastoral nomads move from place to place?
Their herds or livestock
What is forced migration?
When people must leave their homes because conditions make it impossible to stay.
One basic reason early humans migrated was to look for what?
Food
Migration helped spread what across the world?
Human populations
What major ice‑age land bridge allowed humans to reach North America?
The Bering Strait land bridge
What seasonal pattern do pastoral nomads often follow?
Moving between highland and lowland grazing areas
Name one natural disaster that can cause forced migration.
Floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, or wildfires
What human trait leads people to explore new lands even without danger?
Curiosity
What did different groups develop as they adapted to new environments?
Diverse cultures and languages
Why did early humans often migrate in small groups?
Smaller groups were easier to move and could find enough resources.
Name a group known for seasonal livestock migration in East Africa.
The Maasai
Rising sea levels threaten which island nation, potentially forcing citizens to relocate?
Maldives
What grows and increases pressure on resources, causing migration?
Population
What happens when different migrating groups interact?
They share ideas, tools, and technologies.
Name one adaptation early humans made when they reached colder Europe.
They made warm clothing or built shelters.
Why do pastoral people move their animals in the first place?
To find fresh grass and water
What long-term climate issue has caused farmers in the Sahel to move?
Drought and desertification
What climate event during prehistory pushed humans into new areas?
The Ice Age
How can forced migration sometimes affect communities receiving migrants?
Conflicts over land or resources
What is one reason humans spread into every continent except Antarctica during prehistory?
They followed animals, searched for food, adapted to climate changes, or explored new lands.
How does seasonal migration help keep livestock healthy?
It prevents overgrazing and avoids areas with disease or harsh weather.
Why might forced migrants struggle in new locations?
Loss of homes/jobs, discrimination, difficulty integrating, or conflicts over resources.
Name one environmental problem that forces modern people to migrate.
Climate change, desertification, pollution, rising sea levels
What is one long-term effect of human migration on world history?
The formation of complex societies, trade networks, and cultural diversity.