Muscles 1
Describe what type of filament(s) are/is found on the I band of a sarcomere.
Thin filaments only
Which areas on the sarcomere shorten or disappear during a contraction?
I band and H zone
What group of spinal nerves does not comprise a plexus?
T2-T12 ( Thoracic )
What is the major nerve of the cervical plexus?
Phrenic Nerve
What occurs if there is no ATP in Cross Bridge Detachment ?
Rigor Mortis
What type of contraction occurs when there is no change in length and tension may vary?
Isometric
Which structural protein wraps around the length of thin filament and is non-elastic?
Nebulin
This reflex checks the integrity of the CNS and checks for Upper motor neuron lesions. What am I?
Babinski sign
What are the factors of receptor classification?
Sensory Pathway ( Somatic vs autonomic ), Structure ( Free nerve endings vs encapsulated ), Stimulus location ( Exteroceptors, visceroceptors, proprioceptors )
What type of smooth muscle tissue is found in large airways, large arteries, arrector pili, and internal eye muscles?
Multi Unit Smooth Muscle
What type of protein regulates contractions in smooth muscle?
Calmodulin
Describe the regenerative capabilities of Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal muscle.
Smooth = Good regenerative capabilities
Cardiac = Limited
Skeletal = Very limited
Name, describe, and number all the cranial nerves associated with the eyes (both vision and movement).
Optic ( CN II ) = vision
Oculomotor ( CN III ) = motor of most eye muscles and automatic fibers of iris
Trochlear ( CN IV ) = motor superior oblique muscles of the eye
Abducens ( CN VI ) = motor of the lateral rectus muscle, abducting the eye ( laterally: outer side)
Mr. Patient has lost sensation on his anterior pinky finger. Which nerve is most likely damaged?
Ulnar nerve
What triggers the release of Ca2+ in the neuromuscular junction into Cross Bridge Formation?
Depolarization
What are the pouch-like invaginations of the sarcolemma of smooth muscle called?
Caveolae
Which form of Muscle Fiber ATP production uses myoglobin stores?
Aerobic Respiration
Which nerves are affected here?
1. Pain and numbness in last two digits, weak grip, claw hand.
2. Weak wrist extensors, wrist drop
1. Ulnar nerve
2. Radial nerve
List the characteristics of the stretch reflex.
What type of skeletal muscle fibers are involved in posture?
Slow oxidative fibers
Flaccid paralysis is associated with which clinical diagnosis?
- Fibromyalgia
- Hypertonia
- Muscle disuse atrophy
- Hypotonia
- Myasthenia Gravis
Hypotonia
Name the two causes for Muscle disuse atrophy.
Disuse ( Bedridden patients )
Denervation ( Nerve injury )
What are the steps of PNS nerve regeneration? And Describe.
1. Axon Fragmentation = cut axon and myelin degenerate, spreads down axon ( wallerian degen. )
2. Axon Clean Up = Schwann cells engulf Myelin and recruit Macrophages ( clean up debris, stimulate schwann cell division )
3. Regeneration Tube = Schwann cells -> growth factors, forming tube around growing axon ( guides new axon )
4. New Myelin Sheath = Schwann cells form myelin around new axon
Describe the difference between Bulboid, Bulbous and Lamellar Corpuscles.
Bulboid = detects deep touch in mucous membranes
Bulbous = detects persistent deep touch into the dermis
Lamellar = detects deep touch hands, feet and joint capsules
Autoimmune disease when there is progressive neuromuscular junction damage is called?
Myasthenia Gravis