Federal Court System
What is the purpose of the federal courts?
The Federal courts interpret the laws of the United States and the constitution and resolve disputes that fall under federal law.
Constitution
The supreme law of the United States that courts interpret.
How does the Judicial branch check the power of the legislative branch?
By declaring laws passed by congress unconstitutional through judicial review
Marbury V. Madison
Established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme court to declare laws, unconstitutional.
What is the main role of the supreme court?
To interpret the constitution and decide if laws or actions are constitutional.
What are the three levels of the federal court system?
U.S. District court, U.S. court of appeals, The U.S. supreme court.
Defendant
The person or party who brings a case to court.
In what way can the Judicial branch limit the Executive branch's actions?
The courts can rule executive actions unconstitutional or illegal.
Brown V. Board of Education
Ruled that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.
How many justices serve on the supreme court?
Nine justices (One chief justice)
What is a civil case?
A dispute between two or more parties where the court determines who's at fault.
Precedent
A legal decision that serves as an example for future cases.
How can the Legislative branch check the power of the judicial branch?
Congress can approve or reject judicial appointments and can impeach federal judges.
Miranda V. Arizona
Requires police to inform suspects of their rights, including the right to remain silent and have an attorney.
Who appoints supreme court Justices?
What is the primary function of the U.S court of appeals?
To review decisions made by lower district courts and determine if legal errors were made.
Judicial review
The power of courts to declare laws or actions unconstitutional.
What role does the president have in the judicial branch's checks and balances?
The president nominates federal judges, including supreme court justices, who must be confirmed by the senate.
Roe V. Wade
Recognized a woman's constitutional right to an abortion under certain conditions.
Can supreme court decisions be appealed?
No, the supreme is the highest court, so the decisions are final.
How was the federal court system created?
Created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, passed by the first U.S. congress.
Plaintiff
The person or party who brings a case to court.
How does the system of checks and balances ensure that no branch, including the judicial branch, becomes too powerful?
Each branch has specific powers to limit the others, which creates a balance that prevents abuse of power.
United States V. Nixon
Limited the president's ability to claim executive privilege.
Double Jeopardy: What kind of cases does the supreme court usually hear?
Double jeopardy: Cases involving constitutional issues, disputes between states, and important federal questions.