Western Expansion
What were territories?
Controlled directly by Congress and run by a territorial governor
What was the main economic activity in the American West during this period?
Farming and ranching
Main causes of the Civil War.
Issues of slavery, state rights, and economic differences
Primary reason for conflict on between Native Americans and settlers.
Land disputes and broken treaties
What was Jim Crow?
Laws that enforced racial segregation
Why did slavery expand?
New plantations, invention of the cotton gin, main source of economy for the south
Who were the 49ers?
Gold seekers who flocked to California during the Gold rush of 1849.
Which was the first state to secede from the Union?
South Carolina
What were the names of the three main conflicts during this time?
Little Crow's War, Red Cloud's War and Great Sioux War
Who was Booker T. Washington and what did he do?
Who was Booker T. Washington and what did he do?
Why was the Missouri Compromise significant?
Set down a pattern of adding states to the USA in pairs, one slave, one free to keep the balance of power in government.
Challengers faced by settlers in the West.
Harsh weather, lack of resources, conflict with Natives
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
An order by President Lincoln that freed slaves in the Confederate States
Describe the impact of buffalo hunting on Native American cultures.
Devastated their primary food source, leading to starvation and loss of traditional ways of life
What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the separate but equal belief
How did the Louisiana Purchase impact the United States?
Doubled the size of the U.S and provided access to vast resources and land for settlement
What was the significance of the Homesteader's Act?
Granted 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee promoting westward expansion
What was the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?
Significant Union victory that turned the tide against the Confederacy.
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
To assimilate Native Americans into American society by allotting them individual plots of land
How did the lives of Native Americans change after the introduction of reservations?
Confined to specific areas leading to the loss of land, culture and autonomy
What was Manifest Destiny?
Belief that it was the United States responsibility to expand its territory across America.
How did the railroad affect the American West?
Promoted transportation and communication, leading to increased settlement and economic growth
What Amendments were passed during the Reconstruction era and what did they accomplish?
13th (abolished slavery) 14th (citizenship and equal protection), 15th (voting rights)
How did the US government policies towards Native Americans change after the Civil War?
Government shifted from negotiation and treaties to military force and policies aimed at assimilation
What role did the Freedmen's Bureau play in post-Civil War America?
Assisted freed slaves with education, employment, and legal issues during the reconstruction era