One Health
What does WASH stand for?
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
What is Schistosomiasis?
A parasitic disease, prevalent in tropical regions, is transmitted through contact with fresh water infested by snails
What is GIS?
Mapping and analyzing geographic data
What is maize?
This staple crop, heavily relied on in Malawi, is vulnerable to climate change, and its failure can lead to malnutrition and increased disease risk under the One Health framework
What do SDGs stand for?
Sustainable Development Goals
What is a vector?
An organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a pathogen, disease, or parasite from one animal or plant to another
Give two examples of a vector.
Mosquitos, snails, beetles, dogs, cattle, people, insects
How are drones, GIS, and waterborne disease related?
Drones collect high-resolution water quality data, which, when analyzed with GIS, helps identify and manage areas at risk for waterborne diseases
What are ecosystems?
Deforestation in Malawi not only affects biodiversity but also contributes to the spread of diseases by altering these natural barriers between humans and animals
Why are SDGs important?
If they mention anything on improved community health, education, environment, food security, agriculture, jobs, the economy
What is One Health?
The connection between humans, the environment, animals, and health outcomes
Where can you find waterborne diseases? List 3
Drinking water, showers or faucets, water play areas, lakes, rivers, oceans, swamps, muddy puddles, showers, and food that has been in contact with dirty water
What are some GIS applications to waterborne disease sampling?
Epidemiology, environmental monitoring, climate change, and waterborne disease spread, agriculture, community health and medicine, and improve infrastructure
What is integrated community outreach?
In Malawi, community health workers often use this approach, central to One Health, to educate villagers about hygiene, animal care, and environmental health
What SDGs does water sampling solve?
3. Good health and well-being
6. Clean water and sanitation
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
What is a zoonotic disease?
A type of disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans
What are possible interventions for waterborne disease prevention?
Education, improved sanitation, infrastructure, increase access to treatment, stronger community relations
What is aerial or remote sensing imagery?
This type of imagery, captured by drones and analyzed through GIS, helps identify areas of standing water where disease vectors like mosquitoes may breed
What is unplanned urban growth?
Rapid urbanization in Malawi contributes to poor waste management and polluted water sources, creating a breeding ground for disease due to this environmental factor
What SDGs does drone technology solve?
9. Innovation and infrastructure
10. Reduced inequalities
3. Good health and well-being
6. Clean water and sanitation
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
What is the UNICEF WASH program?
An international program that aims to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene for all
What are biological vectors?
Unlike direct contamination, this mode of disease transmission involves organisms that carry pathogens in aquatic environments
What are high-risk or vulnerable areas?
By layering spatial data such as population density, elevation, and water quality, GIS helps prioritize these areas for targeted drone-based water sampling and intervention
What is the Elephant Marsh?
A regionally significant wetland area in Malawi supports biodiversity, agriculture, and fishing, but is increasingly under threat from pollution and overuse
What is a multi-stakeholder partnership?
Achieving the SDGs requires this type of cross-sector collaboration among governments, the private sector, civil society, and academia to address complex global challenges like waterborne diseases