Triggers and Pathophysiology
The main problem in MH: uncontrolled muscle contraction, bleeding, or infection?
What is uncontrolled muscle contraction?
The earliest and most common sign seen on the monitor during an MH crisis
What is a sudden, unexplained rise in End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide (ETCO2)
The first action taken by the anesthesia provider when MH symptoms are suspected
What is turn off gases and remove vaporizers?
The name of the life-saving drug used to treat MH
What is Ryanodex?
The amount of hours a patient should be monitored in the ICU following a MH crisis
What is a minimum of 24 hours?
The specific element stored in muscle cells released at a rapid rate in an MH crisis
What is Calcium?
If a patient's jaw becomes extremely stiff after intubation, what MH sign is that?
What is Masseter Muscle Rigidity (MMR)
The location of the MH cart
The active ingredient in Ryanodex
What is Dantrolene Sodium
The most common reason for re-emergence of MH in the post-crisis period
What is stopping ryanodex to soon? (sooner than 24 hours)
One common inhaled anesthetic gas that can trigger MH
What is Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Desflurane, or Halothane.
The patient's heart rate trend during an MH crisis
What is tachycardia?
The gas the patient should be ventilated with at the highest flow rate possible when MH is suspected.
What is 100% oxygen?
The amount (mL) of sterile water required to reconstitute ONE VIAL of Ryanodex
What is 5mL of sterile water for injection?
The remaining portion of a reconstituted vial but be used within this time period
What is 6 hours?
MH is a hereditary disorder, meaning it is passed down through a person's blank?
What is genes (it is a genetic disorder).
The most critical and later sign that gives the disorder its name?
What is rapidly rising Core Body Temperature (Hyperthermia)
The recommended storage of Ryanodex
What is at room temperature?
The primary purpose of administering Ryanodex during a MH Crisis
What is to block the release of calcium thus reversing the uncontrolled muscle contraction and hypermetabolism
The diagnostic tool for MH
What is muscle biopsy?
What is the main type of muscle affected by Malignant Hyperthermia?
What is skeletal muscle (the voluntary muscles of the body).
When muscle cells break down, this substance is released that can turn the urine dark.
What is myoglobin (causing the dark, tea-colored urine)
The resource available to call with a suspected case of MH
What is MHAUS/ MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES
Other drugs that will be requested during a MH crisis
What is insulin, dextrose, calcium, sodium bicarb, lasix?
A lab value to monitor for the severity of muscle breakdown and potential for renal damage
What is Creatine Kinase (CK or CPK), potassium or urine myoglobin?