Malnutrition

Pathophysiology/Fast Facts

100

The single largest contributor to disease?

What is malnutrition

200

Inadequate or unbalanced diet Problems with digestion or absorption Certain medical conditions Starvation Lack of a single vitamin in the diet. Poverty

What is Causes of malnutrition or things that may lead to malnutrition

300

occurs when a person's diet and/or dietary supplements fail to provide the nutrients necessary for health, growth and normal body function

What is Malnutrition

400

Any scientific measurement of the body. Height, weight, muscle mass, and fat mass measurements are all included.

What is Anthropometric Measurements (important component of good a good nutritional assessment)

500

The 3 groups of people affected most by malnutrition

What is Women= Have additional nutrient requirements because of pregnancy and breastfeeding Children= Some are born malnourished because nutrient level is a direct reflection of the mother's nutrion level Eldery= Changes in appetite, decreasing energy levels, chewing and swallowing problems

Labs/Diagnostic Tests

100

Albumin Retinol-binding prealbumin Transferrin CBC Mean cell volume Hemoglobin Hematocrit Serum Folate and B12 assays

What is labs to be taken into consideration/monitored when malnutrition has been diagnosed or is suspected.

200

What does BMI stand for?

What is Body mass index Weight(lbs) / height^2 x 703 = BMI

300

Metabolic functions affected by malnutrtion (5).

What is 1.Insulin levels 2.Growth Hormone levels 3.Cortisol levels 4.Decreases hepatic function 5.Diminishes mineral stores

400

Serum Prealbumin <15 mg/dl

What is (Lab results wise) the BEST marker for malnutrition

500

Eating a good, well-balanced diet helps

What is prevent most malnutrition

Treatments/Rx's

100

A lack of ______ & _______ need to be replaced in order for the body to function properly. They may be given in your IV, as a shot, or as a pill.

Vitamins and Minerals

200

Those who have difficulty in swallowing, chewing or eating may need to be given very _______or ______food for easy eating.

Soft or Pureed

300

Appetite stimulants

These medicines help improve your appetite so you will want to eat more.

400

The __________depends on the cause of the malnutrition. Most nutritional deficiencies______ be corrected. However, if malnutrition is caused by a medical condition, that illness has to be treated in order to reverse the nutritional deficiency.

Prognosis Can

500

A dietitian may help you plan larger, healthy meals. If you have trouble eating larger meals, eat small meals throughout the day. You may need to include snacks between meals. You may need to eat or drink a nutrition supplement if you have trouble eating the right kinds and amounts of food

Are all ways to Increased calories and nutrients:

Signs/Symptoms

100

Clinical Characteristics of Malnutrition

Irritable (bad mood) and tired, Slower growth than normal, or no growth (in children), Weight loss or loss of appetite, Slow wound healing and an increase in infections, Bone or joint pain, weak muscles, or sunken temples,Brittle and spooned nails, Dry, scaly skin or change in skin color, Change of hair color, or hair loss, Bloated abdomen and swelling in other parts of the body

200

Two basic types of malnutrition

1st and most important is protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). It is basically a lack of calories and protein. 2nd also very important, is micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiency. This is not the type of malnutrition that is referred to when world hunger is discussed, though it is certainly very important.

300

T or F Malnourished patients are 2 times more likely to develop a pressure ucler in the hospital?

What is True

400

mental or physical disability, illness, and possibly death.

What is Possible complications if malnutrition is left untreated

500

Malnutrition may make your body weak and cause health problems such as trouble fighting infections and slowed healing. Severe malnutrition may cause heart problems, breathing problems, and kidney problems. It can also cause changes in the level of chemicals in your blood called electrolytes. If untreated, severe malnutrition can be life-threatening.

What is Risks associated with malnutrition

Misc

100

T or F One in Six Americans does not have access to enough food?

What is True

200

T or F Urban counties have the highest poverty rates in the U.S.?

What is False. Disproportionally high rates persistent with poverty are often rural, where it can be more difficult for food banks and food emergency assistance to support them effectively.

300

The most abundant form of malnutrition in the world right now

What is Under Nutrition. Diet lacking protein and calories, not enough food and food of poor quality

400

Weathier nations are more likely to have malnutrition issues related to excess_____ & ________ ___________ while underdeveloped countries are more likely to have malnutrition related to __________

What is Fats & Refined Carbohydrates Starvation

500

Higher rate of mortality, Prolonged hospitalization, and Slower clinical improvement are often...

What is The outcome or result of malnutrition