All start with D
Choosing between alternatives.
Decision
“Workers avoid work unless forced.”
Theory X — McGregor
A new product, service, or technology that completely replaces an existing one
radical innovations
The first iPhone completely replaced previous mobile phones and created a new market category.
Radical Innovation
Lewin’s “refreezing” stage helps employees internalize new behaviors.
True
Giving responsibility to others
Delegation
“Workers can be creative and responsible.”
Theory Y — McGregor
Argued that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace
human relations movement
Each new iPhone generation adds minor improvements like a slightly better camera or design.
Incremental Innovation
Job analysis provides information for job descriptions and job specifications.
True
A measurable objective the organization wants to reach.
Desired result
“Let’s study how people behave at work.”
Organizational behavior
Consists of two distinct branches—scientific management and administrative management
classical management perspective
A company introduces robotics to make its products faster and more efficiently.
Process Innovation
An employee receives a low performance rating because the manager dislikes them personally. This is a halo error.
False (This is bias, not halo)
Managers divide work into specialized tasks.
Division of labor
“Structure + rules = efficiency.”
Weber
A sophisticated rating method in which supervisors construct a rating scale associated with behavioral anchors
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)
A manager redesigns the workflow of product delivery without changing the product itself.
Managerial Innovation
A decision team repeatedly chooses the same inadequate option to avoid conflict.
T/F: This reflects escalation of commitment.
False (it reflects conformity/groupthink)
When employees resist change.
Defensiveness
“Plan, organize, lead, control.”
Fayol
A large-scale information system for integrating and synchronizing the many activities in the extended enterprise
enterprise resource planning (ERP)
A company replaces the traditional vinyl records with CDs, completely changing how music is sold and consumed.
Radical Innovation
A company expanding globally will face fewer cultural barriers if it uses technology extensively.
→ False (technology does not eliminate cultural differences)