Terms
The use of tools and knowledge to influence the environment.
Technology
Letters and Symbols combined to represent emotions.
Emoticons
The period in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries during which major advances in technology, manufacturing, and transportation changed people’s way of life, mainly in England, the United States, and parts of the continental Europe.
Industrial Revolution
The amount of carbon dioxide emitted as a result of a person’s or organization’s consumption of fossil fuels.
Carbon Footprint
A global system of interlinked, hypertext documents contained within an electronic network that connects computers and computer networks around the world.
Internet
A wide variety of software and technology applications that enable people to work collaboratively via information and communication technologies.
Groupware
The period beginning in the mid- to late -twentieth century through today in which economic activities are marked by and increased focus on information and communication technologies, along with greater attention to issues of environmental sustainability and economic competition.
Third Industrial Revolution
A group of individuals who collaborate on work projects while operating from different locations and using ICTs to establish shared goals, coordinate work, manage work processes and outcomes, and build effective relationships and team norms.
Virtual Team
All of the hardware and software related to the electronic communication and information sharing.
Information and Communication Technology (ICTs)
The second generation of Web technology and software development that allows for increased interactivity, user design and control, and collaboration.
Web 2.0
The period from the mid-nineteenth century through approximately 1915 that was marked by the development of several life-altering technologies, including electricity, motors, synthetics, internal combustion, and mass production techniques.
Second Industrial Revolution
Organizations that consists of diverse people, groups, and networks, that are geographically dispersed and that rely on information and communication technologies for communication and coordination of activities.
Virtual Organization
An internal company network that is usually accessible only to employees.
Intranet
Hosted services offered via the internet that are available on demand, are highly flexible in terms of the amount of service users have access to, and are fully managed by the provider.
Cloud Computing
Primarily eighteenth-century movement that fueled radical new ideas about government, science, economic systems, and wealth across Europe and parts of North America.
Age of Enlightenment
The lack of access to and lack of skill in using internet communication technologies among various underprivileged groups and residents of lesser developed countries.
Digital Divide
A computer network designed for an organization to communicate in a secure environment with certain external stakeholders, such as customers.
Extranet
The practice of providing financial services on an extremely small scale.
Microfinance
Theory that examines both social and technical characteristics of tasks and how work is organized, focusing on the interaction between people and technologies.
Sociotechnical Systems Theory