Developmental Stage
What stage of the Erikson's model is Manfred in?
Ego integrity vs. despair
How long do symptoms 'typically' last after the last sip of alcohol?
Symptoms peak 24-48 hours after last sip and rapidly and dramatically disappear.
Which substance is of the factor that creates the greatest problem for Indigenous individuals and communities throughout Canada?
Alcohol.
Also, the group in Canada most affected by psychoactive drug use is Indigenous peoples.
What is an example of a primary level of prevention for alcohol withdrawal?
Answers could be:
1)implementing healthy public policy
2) offering health education related to addiction
3) taxing and health-related warning labels
4) promoting educational campaigns
Primary approaches are efforts focused on reducing the demand for a substance or behaviour.
When should medication for withdrawal be given? What should be seen?
Symptoms.
Medications should never be administered until the symptoms of withdrawal are observable.
Fun fact: not all individuals who stop drinking require biological (pharmaceutical) management of withdrawal. Decision to medicate depends on duration and extent of substance use, the prior history of withdrawal complications and overall health status.
What stage in the "stages in the process of drug use" is Manfred in?
Addiction
What is the only drug for which exact objective measurements of intoxication currently exist?
Alcohol
What is the term for a combination of both substance abuse and a mental health condition?
Concurrent disorder.
Fun fact: alcohol abuse is the most common substance abuse disorder.
What is an example of a secondary level of prevention for alcohol withdrawal?
Answers could be:
1) Needle exchange programs: allows injection drug users to trade used syringes for new, sterile syringes and related injection equipment.
2) Controlled drinking: developing drinking skills so client to teach alcohol misusers to drink in a non-abusive manner instead of abstinence.
3) Managed alcohol programs: offer continuing health and housing services for individuals who have a history of homelessness and alcohol abuse among chronic health issues.
Secondary prevention seeks to limit further health deterioration and social harm from the use of, abuse of, dependance on, and addiction to substances and behaviours.
What is a common symptom that may occur with alcohol withdrawal that requires oral or intravenous fluids.
Typically due to excessive diaphoresis and fever.
What stage in the "transtheoretical model of change" is Manfred in?
Precontemplation, or with rationale, contemplation.
Physical signs of intoxication
-slurred speech
-incoordination
-unsteady gait
-drowsiness
-decreased blood pressure
What is the most used psychoactive drug on the globe?
Caffine
Whats an example of tertiary level of prevention?
Assessment and referral to services such as addiction services like Safe Harbour.
Whats the mechanism of action for opioids?
CNS depressants
According to Erikson, what is ones developmental task at Manfred's age?
Looking back on ones life and accepting its meaning
What is the term for "altered level of consciousness that presents with seizures following acute alcohol withdrawal." It also results in death in 20% of patients.
Alcohol withdrawal delirium
What is the difference between an addiction & a compulsive disorder?
An addiction must include three elements: biological, psychological and social meanwhile compulsive behaviours do not have a biological element, only the psychological and social elements.
What is a commonly known drug that is a CNA stimulant?
Cocaine and crack.
Fun fact: crack takes effect in 6-10 seconds producing a short sense of euphoria
The condition most concerning for the nurse who is caring for a patient who abuses alcohol would be:
Suicide prevention- safety is always the priority when caring for patients.
What 3 subgroups or "factors" contribute to addiction?
1) biological (neurotransmitters)
2) psychological (personality traits, feelings of pleasure, etc.).
3) sociocultural factors (social understanding, belief and expectations).
What class of drugs are used int he treatment to decrease withdrawal symptoms, stabilize vital signs, and prevent seizures and delirium tremens?
Benzodiazepines.