Introductory Knowledge
Mangrove trees are tolerant of this.
Salt (NaCl)
Mangroves form in saltwater areas with a large _____ _____.
Tidal range
Type of mangroves that have adaptations for stability, salt exclusion, oxygen absorption, and viviparous production.
Red mangroves
The two things that are harvested from mangroves
Economic; Timber and fish
This causes increased temperature, changes in local precipitation patterns, altering of ocean currents, an increase in the number and ferocity of storms, and sea-level rise.
Climate Change
Mangroves can be found in these environments.
Coastal and estuarine environments
Regions need ____ water or _______ wave action.
calm/reduced
How mangrove trees stay stable.
Prop roots
What do mangroves protect?
Economic; The coastline
This is the unsustainable harvesting of mangroves for charcoal, wood chips and paper production damages and harms the mangrove forest
Over-harvesting
The country that mangroves are mainly found in.
Indonesia
This needs to be more frequent than erosion.
Deposition
The adaptations for salt exclusion.
__________ brings money that would benefit local people through employment and better infrastructure.
Economic; Ecotourism
This causes strong waves to pull sediments from the prop roots and wash away essential nutrients for the recovery of the forest
Storm Damage
The reason that mangroves survive in saline habitats.
Lack of competition?
Mangroves need substrate to contain these to allow propagules to embed and take root.
Salty and silty sediments
The adaptation for oxygen absorption.
Prop roots are above the water line and have lenticels that allow for gas exchange.
Mangroves are a ________ species and provide natural ________ for several organisms.
Ecological; Keystone/habitat
Storms destroyed _____ _____ which serve as __________ to provide calmer water for mangrove survival
coral/reefs/breakwaters
The two primary factors that impact survival of mangroves in estuarine habitat.
Salt content and low oxygen in substrate (anoxic soil)
The temperature needed for mangroves to form.
Mild to warm year-round temperatures (higher than 20 degrees Celcius)
Viviparous production?
Parent mangrove produces flowers which are fertilized to produce seeds, which then developed into a propagule while still attached to the parent plant, rather than being released as in most plants. Once they have reached the appropriate size, they will be released to float in the ocean.
Mangroves are vital carbon _____
Ecological; sinks
Cutting down the forest to create new infrastructure such as tourist resorts or shrimp farms caused shoreline to erode and lost of biodiversity. What is this
Change in coastal land use