Dalālah.
Word for Word English Translation of Dalālah
“ A thing being such the knowledge of it necessitates knowledge of something else”
Are the following Mufrad or Murakkab?
1. عبد الملك
2. Darrusalam
3. Zayd
1. Mufrad
2. Mufrad
3. Mufrad
Meaning denoted through words are of two types
1. Kulli
2. Juz’i
The maḥṣūrāt al-arbaʿah are?
A”, “E”, “I”, and “O”
What is Logic?
Mantiq is a science that enables accurate, clear, and effective thinking
Word for Word Arabic Translation of Dalālah
كون الشيء بحيث يلزم من العلم به العلم بشيء آخر
Define in Arabic مفرد مركب
- ما لا يراد بالجزء منه دلالة على جزء المعنى
- ما يراد بالجزء منه دلالة على جزء المعنى
What are the Al-Kulliyyāt Al-Khams
Dhati, Aradi, Jins, Naw’, Fasl
Give an example of Qadaya Shakhsiyyah and Qadaya Muhmalah
1. Zayd is a human
2. Humans are good
What are the Four Nisab Bayn Al-Kulliyyan
Tasawi, Tabayun, Umum Mutlaq, Umum Wajhi
How many types of dalālah are there? Which one do we focus on and why?
There are six types of dalālah
We focus on dalālah lafẓiyyah waḍʿiyyah, as it is the most effective way of communicating concepts from one’s mind to another person
A word referring to only one coined meaning is of __ types,
And they are
1.
2.
3.
3 types
Alam: specific term that refers to a particular person placing or idea example Zaid
Mutawati: a word that possesses a single meaning and applies uniformly and equally to all its instances example human
Mushakkik: a word that signifies its meaning differently, depending on what it is describing example existence
Four rules of defining
1. The definition must be inclusive and exclusive of all the members of the definiendum
2. The definition must be more evident than the definiendum
3. The definitions comprehension must be different than the definiendum
4. The definition cannot be contingent upon the definiendum it can’t be circular reasoning
When is the Predicate of a categorical proposition undistributed
Mujibah - when it is an affirmative sentence
What is the Difference between Tasawar, Tasdiq and Qiyas
Tasawar: concept/term/word
Tasdiq: judgment/proposition/sentence
Qiyas:
Syllogism/paragraph/argument
What is the difference between muṭābaqah, taḍammun, and iltizām? Give an example for each in English and Arabic.
Muṭābaqah is when the word used to express the concept indicates to the concept or thing in its entirety
Taḍammun is when the word used to express the thing indicates to a part of its entity
Iltizām is when something logically bound to the concept is indicated to by the word, Iltizām has no logical limit
Ex. Muṭābaqah: إنسان ← حيوان ناطق / I left the house
Ex. Taḍammun: إنسان ← النطق / I locked the house (door)
Ex. Iltizām: إنسان ← قوة الضحك / I ate Oberweis (not the building/company; you ate their ice cream or other products)
Different types of words coined with multiple meanings
1. Mushtarak
2. Manqul urfi
3. Manqul shar’i
4. Manqul Istilahi
Arabic and English definitions of Jins, Naw’ and Fasl
الجنس هو كلي يحمل على كثيرين مختلفين بالحقائق في جواب ما هو
النوع هو كلي يحمل على كثيرين متفقين بل بالحقائق في جواب ما هو
الفصل هو كلي يحمل على شيء في جوابي أي شيء هو في ذاته
What are the Naqids?
The naqīḍ of “A” is “O” ; e.g. كل إنسان حيوان ← بعض الإنسان ليس بحيوان
The naqīḍ of “E” is “I” ; e.g. لا شيء من الإنسان بحجر ← بعض الإنسان حجر
The naqīḍ of “I” is “E” ; e.g. بعض الحيوان إنسان ← لا شيء من الحيوان بإنسان
The naqīḍ of “O” is “A” ; e.g. بعض الحيوان ليس بإنسان ← كل حيوان إنسان
What are the four stages of the history of logic
Stage one: transmission and translation
Stage two: Aristotles logic
Stage three: Moving away from Aristotels
Stage four : glosses and super commentaries
Is dalalah in logic inherently intuitive, universal, or cross-cultural?
None of the above. Instead, every word has its own specific signification, and even the signification can vary on context.
Do Concomitant Signification (Ilztizamiyyah) have a logical limit? Yes or No and why so?
They do not have logical limit, they are endless and may vary based upon individual, culture and geographical differences
Example in Arabic for Rasm Tāmm and Rasm Nāqis
Tāmm: حيوان ذو ضحك
Nāqis: ضحك / ذو ضحك / الماشي النائم
What are the aks
The ʿaks of “A” is “I” ; e.g. كل إنسان حيوان ← بعض الحيوان إنسان
The ʿaks of “E” is “E” ; e.g. لا شيء من الإنسان بحجر ← لا شيء من الحجر بإنسان
The ʿaks of “I” is “I” ; e.g. بعض الحيوان إنسان ← بعض الإنسان حيوان
There is no logically consistent ʿaks of “O”
What is the name of the Book written by Moulana Yusuf Sulaiman Saab
Minhaj Al-Mantiq