Economic Factors
The percentage of China’s population that were peasants before the rise of Mao.
What is ~80%?
This was the result of a massive population increase 200 years before 1911.
What is famine?
This period of fragmented rule by competing military leaders in China during the early 20th century created instability, exacerbating social unrest.
What is the Warlord Period?
This event in 1911 marked the end of imperial rule in China and the beginning of a republican government, which soon faced instability.
What is the fall of the Qing Dynasty?
Both Mao and Castro rose from countries dominated by this social class.
This economic condition made China reliant on agriculture and helped Mao appeal to the rural peasantry.
What is China’s lack of industrialization?
These individuals held all the power in China during this time, severing the divide between rural and powerful.
What are aristocrats?
This war, fought between China and Japan, weakened China’s economy and led to the loss of Taiwan and Korea.
What is the Sino-Japanese War?
This was the primary economic result of the warlord period.
What are heavy taxes on peasants?
Both China and Cuba suffered from this economic structure, where a few elites controlled most of the land.
What is land inequality?
This economic cycle trapped peasants in perpetual debt from rents and taxes, sparking widespread outrage.
What is the cycle of debt?
During this period, this philosophical system reinforced a rigid social hierarchy, creating resentment among the lower classes.
What is Confucianism?
This 1919 treaty caused national unrest due to Japan being awarded territory.
What is the Treaty Of Versailles?
From 1911 onward, China experienced a condition where no single government could hold legitimate, long-term power.
What is political fragmentation?
While Mao dealt with imperialist invasions, Castro opposed this corrupt U.S.-backed dictator.
Who is Fulgencio Batista?
This condition led to high rents and peasant exploitation in China, highlighting the extreme gap between rural landowners and the majority population.
What is unequal land ownership? or What is the warlord period?
This traditional belief, which said that emperors ruled with divine approval, justified the authority of the monarchy and contributed to the resistance against revolutionary change.
What is the mandate of heaven?
These two groups formed a brief alliance during the Second United Front to fight the Japanese in WWII.
Who are the CCP and GMD?
The GMD’s purge of Communists in 1927, known as this event, exposed its failure to build national unity and sparked civil war.
What is the White Terror?
The failure of centralized government led to power vacuums that both leaders filled. In Mao’s case, it was this era.
What is the Warlord Period?
This foreign-imposed penalty after a nationalist uprising in 1900 deepened China’s economic hardship and stirred resentment against foreign powers.
What is the $330 million Boxer Rebellion fine?
The percentage or estimated increase of China's population over 200 years before 1911 that led to nationwide famine.
What is 120-140 million? or What is quadrupled?
Widespread war and foreign aggression in early 20th-century China helped this revolutionary ideology gain popularity among those seeking national and social liberation.
What is Marxism-Leninism?
This period saw both the CCP and GMD claim legitimacy while fighting each other and foreign invaders, further fragmenting authority.
What is the Chinese Civil War?
In terms of social division, these similarities existed in both China and Cuba, causing vulnerability to revolution
What are strict social structures with large rural populations who were economically marginalized and socially excluded?