Nervous System
Restate the three broad functions of the nervous system
Sensory, Integrate, and Motor
What are the five taste buds
-sweet
-sour
-salty
-bitter
-umami
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce and what do they do?
Triiodothyroxine and Thyroxine, used for metabolism
Identify the components of blood and their functions
Erythrocytes: transport materials such as O2 and CO2 using hemoglobin
Leukocytes: Help with immunity
Thrombocytes: clots blood
Plasma: transportation and waste removal
What is the function of the lymphatic system
return fluid from the extracellular space to the blood stream. It also defends body against disease
What is the all or none principle
when an action potential starts it finishes
what are the 4 receptors
-Chemo
-mechano
-thermo
-photo
functions of the endocrine system
regulate homeostasis, and works on negative feedback
What is the difference between thrombus and embolus
Thrombus is stationary, embolus is moving.
How does lymph fluid move (name three methods)
-Flow by pressure change
-Skeletal muscles pumping fluid
-one way valves
Astrocytes: Make pia mater, blood-brain barrier, soak up excess ions
oligodendrocytes: make myelin sheath
Microglia: clear away debris
Ependymal cells: make and distribute CSF
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Schwann Cells: make the myelin sheath
Satellite Cells: soak up excess ions
List the layers of the eyeball and what each layer contains
Fibrous Tunic: sclera and cornea
Vascular Tunic: Iris, pupil, cilliary body, choroid, lens
Nervous Tunic: retina
Which cells secrete insulin and glucagon
insulin from beta cells and glucagon from alpha cells
Describe the Rh factor
When there is a D antigen blood type is positive, when there is no D antigen blood type is negative.
What does an antibody do
destroy antigens
Identify structures of the meninges
Dura: an outer tough layer of connective tissue
Arachnoid: spiderweb arrangement of collagen where CSF flows
Pia: inner delicate layer of thin tissue
Difference between conductive and sensorineural deafness
conductive prohibits sound waves from entering, caused by environment.
sensorineural is defectiveness in the cochlea and organ of corti
what is the difference between gigantism and acromegaly?
Gigantism is when too much HGH is secreted during childhood and acromegaly is when too much HGH is secreted during adulthood
what are the three steps for blood clotting
Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug Formation
Coagulation
What is the difference between artifical active and articial passive
passive uses antibodies temporarily through vaccines, such as snake anti-venom.
active uses antbodies from vaccines for a lifetime, such as MMR, smallpox vacccines
What is the steps of the reflex arc
-Receptor
-Sensory neurons
-Integrating Centre
-Motor neurons
-Effector
what do the semicircular canals do
provide balance when body is in motion
What does GnRH do
stimulate lutenizing hormone and folicle stimulating hormone.
Name the types of leukocytes
Granulocytes:
-Neutrophils: indicate bacterial infections
-Basophils: indicate inflammation
-eosinophils: indicate allergies
Agranulocytes:
-monocytes: indicate chronic infection and removes large foreign particles
-lymphocytes: indicate viral infection and removes toxins and viruses
Name four lymphatic tissue organs and describe their functions
Spleen: largest lympnode and it is used for filteration and fighting pathogens
Thymus gland: where helper T-cells are matured
Tonsils: Destroys pathogerns entering the mouth
Red Bone Marrow: Where B-cells/B-lympohcytes mature