Local muscles Inner Unit
Name the "Inner Unit"/local muscles
Respiratory Diaphragm
Transverse Abdominis
Multifidus
Pelvic Floor (Iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus, Ischiococcygeus)
Name the Global Muscle groups
Abdominal muscles (Rectus abdominus, EO, IO, TrA)
Hip & thigh muscles (Rectus Femoris, Iliopsoas, Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus)
Erector Spinae (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis (mostly in thoracic).
Outer Unit/slings (posterior obl. anterior obl. longitudinal, lateral)
What components make up the posterior oblique sling?
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracolumbar fascia
Gluteus maximus
What is normal sequence of lumbar flexion? Muscles active-how?
Top > down movement
erector spinae eccentrically controlling
What are some contributing factors to extension rotation syndrome?
Weak lower abdominals
Stiff biarticular muscles of thigh
Which muscle compresses and supports abdominal viscera?
Transverse Abdominis
In swayback posture, which muscle serves as the antigravity muscle supporting the trunk/thorax?
RA
What activity engages the posterior oblique sling?
Walking; Propulsion in Cross Country skiing;
NordicTrack; others?
What is normal sequence of lateral flexion?
All segments contribute -
Lateral flexion and rotation are coupled to opposite sides
Which region of the spine will compromise for reduced lumbar spine flexion and short hamstrings when bending forward?
Thoracic Spine
T/F - Local muscles increase stiffness of lumbar/lumbopelvic segments and can prevent excessive sliding/translation or quick rotation of segments by controlling "arthrokinematic" motion
True
What happens to the intercostal angle when the External obliques are shortened?
acute <90 degrees, decreases
What components make up anterior oblique sling? & What activity engages the anterior oblique sling?
External Oblique; Contralateral IO; Contralateral Adductors
Throwing a ball/strikeout
half-kneel cross chop; Pulling forward
What is normal sequence of lumbar rotation?
Driven by thoracic (top down) or pelvic rotation
Which lower abdominal muscles produce "pelvis on thorax" movement?
EO & IO
What is a good exercise to activate Transverse Abdominis?
Abdominal "hollowing"
Which part of the IO acts as TrA reinforcement and blends with it?
Lower Anterior
What components make up the Deep Longitudinal sling and what is its action?
Fibularis longus; biceps femoris; sacrotuberous ligament; Deep lamina of thoracodorsal fascia and erector spinae
A: bending fwd/flexing and erecting/extending back to standing.
How can you observe evidence of "hinging" in the lumbar spine segments?
Crease(s)
Muscles of the anterior thigh and lower abdominals represent what?
springs in a series
Which pelvic floor muscles resist increases in intraabdominal pressure?
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Which muscle functions to "cinch" the waist and is best suited to create the most tension of the TLF ?
TrA
What components make up the lateral sling, and what is its action?
Hip abductors; Contralateral hip adductors; Lateral stabilizers of thoracopelvic region (i.e., QL & abdominal obliques)
When hip flexors are short/tight, anterior pelvic tilt affects which phase(s) of gait?
terminal stance and pre-swing
Explain the Hydraulic Amplification system
Thoracolumbar fascia invests spine extensors
As muscles shorten, they broaden
Broadening muscles increases pressure within fixed fascial thoracolumbar compartment
Increased pressure with fixed fascial space ‘stiffens’ spinal segments