Vocabulary
Sponges & Cnidarians
Flatworms
Ribbon Worms & Round Worms
Homework Questions
100
An attached cnidarian stage, appearing sac-like or barrel-like
What is a Polyp
100
Name these two possible forms of support in sponges
What is Spicule and Spongin
100
This is the type of symmetry flatworms display
What is Bilateral
100
Ribbon and Round worms have this type of digestion system
What is a true gut, or one way gut
100
While swimming in a tropical ocean, a diver finds a large, cup-shaped sponge big enough for him to swim inside. What type of support would this sponge likely have?
What is it would probably have both elastic spongin and hard spicules to support its large size.
200
A group of cells surrounded by a shell made of spicules
What is a Gemmule
200
Give 3 features of cnidarians found in both polyp stage and medusa stage
What are: (1) a central mouth, (2) a mouth surrounded by tentacles, (3) stinging nematocysts, (4) a gut with a single opening or blind gut) (5) radially symmetrical
200
This creature has no mouth, is parasitic, and lives in their host's intestine
What is a tapeworm, Class Cestoda
200
Name the "white" extension and what it is used for
What is a Proboscis and it can be used to defend itself, to grab food, or in some worms, it has a toxin to defend itself or numb its prey
200
If plankton describes organisms that can't swim more strongly than the ocean currents that carry them, which of the animals would you classify as plankton? Portuguese Man-o-war, class Hydrozoa // Jellyfish, class Scyphozoa // Coral Polyps, class Anthozoa
What is Jellyfish, they can’t swim strongly enough to avoid the ocean currents, so they are technically classified as planktonic organisms. The same can be said of the Portuguese man-o-war.
300
Cells within a sponge that produce its skeletal structure, perform digestion, and repair cell damage
What is Amoebocytes
300
Sponges can’t move around but this is how they are able to be distributed throughout the ocean.
What is sponges reproduce by spawning a larval (called a parenchymula) which is carried by the ocean currents until it settles thus it is relocating away from the parent sponges.
300
In a given ecosystem, fluke larvae are found to inhibit clams but no other invertebrates. If you were unable to observe organisms feeding on the clams, how could you tell what vertebrates in the ecosystem were eating them?
What is look for the vertebrates who are infected with flukes. Those are the ones that have been eating the clams, since adult flukes usually get into vertebrates when their hosts eat an invertebrate infected with their larvae.
300
This worm lives in fish and is a parasite and often gets humans sick when they eat raw or undercooked fish
What is a Nematoda
300
This is why a coelom is helpful for movement in the annelids
What is because it is filled with fluid that helps support the body’s structure. When the body’s muscles contract in sequence against the pressure of the fluid-filled coelom, it gives the organism crawling ability.
400
A jelly-like substance between the inner layer and the outer layer of cells in a cnidarian
What is Mesoglea
400
This is the part of a sponge that helps move the water to pass through its pores and out the top vent (aka Osculum)
What is Choanocytes otherwise known as collar cells
400
The way this creature moves about
What is flatworms have cilia and mucus coating to help them glide along the sea floor
400
This creature has a distinct circulatory system with blood vessels, a true gut, and its body is segmented and belongs to this phylum
What is Phylum Annelids, it is a segmented worm, such as earth worms
400
Suppose the only thing you know about polychaete is that it has gills on its body. Would the animal most likely be large or small? Why?
What is if it has gills, it is probably large. Small polychaetes do not need gills because their cells can absorb oxygen directly from the environment. In larger polychaetes, the interior cells cannot get enough oxygen that way, so they need gills.
500
A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
What is parasitism
500
Coral polyps have a symbiotic relationship with this and gives coral their beautiful color
What is Zooxanthelae. The zooxanthelae is a type of dinoflagellate that lives in the coral polyp, providing food for the coral via photosynthesis
500
The reason a one-way digestive tract with an opening on both ends is more efficient arrangement than a single-opening tract (blind gut)
What is with 2 openings, a mouth and an end, material can continue to move through the organism as it crawls through the ocean bottom.
500
This creature is found in oceans, has bristles on its parapodia, and the larger kind even have gills. What class is this creature and what is a reason a larger creature would need gills
What is Class Polychaeta, the larger polychaete require gills because they need more oxygen, gills allow them to process much more oxygen than just through their skin.
500
You see a worm that lives in a tube and has ciliated tentacles with which it feeds. How can you tell if it is a polychaete or a lophophorate?
What is you should look at its gut. If it is a polychaete, its gut will be straight. If it is a lophophorate, its gut will be U-shaped.