Phylum Porifera & Phylum Cnidaria
What type of symmetry do sponges have?
Asymmetry
What are three key traits for Phylum Mollusca?
Mantle, Muscular foot, Visceral mass
How do arthropods grow?
Through molting aka ecdysis
What is the title format?
The effect of [independent variable] on [dependent variable]
What is diffusion?
In the process of diffusion, molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What level are sponges organized at?
Cellular Level
What are three key traits for Phylum Ctenophora?
Ciliary combs, Colloblasts, and some have tentacles, but some don't
What is the function of an exoskeleton?
Protects the organism from predators and the elements, has allowed arthropods to diversify and move into niches previously inaccessible D – have to regrow and shed to get bigger, can inhibit maneuverability in certain environments
What is the hypothesis format?
If [independent variable] is changed, then [dependent variable] will change, because [scientific reasoning]
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across the cell membrane
What are characteristics of Cnidarians?
Carnivorous, uses nematocysts to catch prey, lacks a true brain, and uses a nerve net
How many hearts do Cephalopods have?
3
What is class Asteroida?
Class Asteroidea commonly known as starfish/sea stars. Most have 5 arms, but some can have multiples of 5 up to 50. The oral surface is pointed downward towards the substrate while the aboral surface points upward.
What are the independent & dependent variables?
Independent Variable: What is changed on purpose
Dependent Variable: What is measured
What is active transport?
Active transport allows proteins within the cell membrane to pump excess sodium in the opposite direction
What are the two body forms of Cnidarians
Polyp & Medusa
What are colloblasts?
Colloblasts are sticky cells found in ctenophores (comb jellies) that are used to capture prey by sticking to it instead of stinging.
What is class Crinoidea?
Class Crinoidea. Includes Sea lilies and feather stars. Have feathery arms & tube feet are attached to the arms. The mouth points upward. Sea lilies only live at the bottom.Feather stars can swim slowly by beating their arms.
What is a constant?
Conditions that are being kept the same
What is the difference between osmoconformers and osmoregulators and give examples?
Osmoconformers are organisms that do not actively maintain their salt and water balance. Instead, their internal concentrations fluctuate with what is going on outside. An example of an osmoconformer would be a jellyfish. Osmoregulators control their internal concentrations to avoid osmotic problems. They tolerate changes in salinity better than osmoconformers. They maintain water and solute balances independent of what is going on outside. An example of an osmoregulator would be salmon.
What are Cnidocytes?
Specialized stinging cells for capturing prey
What do gastropods do?
crawl, one shell, scrape food
Why do arthropods molt?
Molting is the process in which arthropods shed their old exoskeleton. Aka ecdysis. Initiated by hormones. Tissue under exoskeleton detaches--> creates new, larger exoskeleton. After new exoskeleton completely formed --> old exoskeleton splits & old “shell” shed. New exoskeleton soft for a few days
What is a control?
The baseline condition
What is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms and give examples?
Ectotherms are often called “cold-blooded.” They release heat, but it does not raise body temperature. Instead, it is lost to the environment. An example would be reptiles. Endotherms release heat that warms their body temperature and their surroundings. An example would be mammals, birds, and large fish.