Marine Conservation Final Review

Corals

100

Define Coral Bleaching.

—Coral Bleaching is the loss of the symbiotic algae and may cause death of animal.

200

What is the temperature requirement for corals to survive?

77-88 degrees Fahrenheit

300

What is the salinity requirement for corals to survive?

34-36 parts per thousand

400

List 5 potential climate change impacts on coral communities.

—Changes in water temperature

—Increases in CO2 concentration

—Sea level rises leading to drowning of reefs

Changes in surface run-off (sedimentation)

——Changes in land-use patterns leading to increased reef exploitation

500

Why do coral polyps make the limestone cups?

Coral polyps make their own limestone cup to hide from predators during the day. 

Coral Ecology

100

Corals are home to more than ______ of marine life.

25%

200

What is the name of the algae that has a symbiotic relationship with corals?

zooxanthellae

300

Why is biodiversity important?

—A highly biodiverse ecosystem, is often more resilent to changing conditions and can better withstand significant disturbances.

Benefits that humans receive from natural environments—are often greater in highly diverse places.

—Coral reefs, thanks to their diversity, provide millions of people with food, medicine, protection from storms, and revenue from fishing and tourism

400

What are 4 known triggers of coral bleaching?

—Temperature (especially increases)

—Solar radiation (especially UV)

—Reduced salinity

—Infections

500

List the benefits both algae and coral receive from their symbiotic relationship?

—Zooxanthellae make oxygen, remove the polyp’s wastes, and make food for the polyp from photosynthesis.

—Coral polyps protect the zooxanthellae, release CO2, and provide it with necessary nutrients from their own waste.

Coral Reef Management

100

What are two ways Marine Protected Areas can help manage reefs?

—Manage overfishing

—Control threats such as sedimentation and pollution, helping to support coral health.

200

List 5 important key actions that are key to local coral reef management.

—Temporary Closures

—Managing Recreational Use of Reefs

—Managing Risks from invasive species

—Control of Coral Predators

—Reducing Land-based Impacts

300

List 4 strategies that coral reef managers may use to reduce land based impacts.

—Erosion/Sediment Reduction

—Sewage and Storm Water Management

—Reducing Chemical Inputs from Agriculture

—Community Engagement

400

List 5 of the main objectives of the ecosystem-based approach to fishery management (EAFM).

—Sustainable Harvest of Fish

—Reducing By-catch

—Protecting Spawning and Critical Areas

—Marine Protected Areas

—Herbivore Protection

500

Your group created management plan for your assigned coral reef. Give at least 3 management strategies for your coral reef and give an explanation for why each strategy was chosen.

Depends on your reef but it could be: 

Marine Protected areas

Coral restoration

educate locals about their affect on corals, etc..

Climate Change

100

What is the difference between a change in weather and climate change?

weather is day to day state of atmosphere (minutes to weeks) 

climate change any significant change in the measure of climate lasting for an extended period of time (major changes in temp, precipitation, wind, currents, etc.)

200

Who was the first scientist to acknowledge the impact of carbon dioxide on climate patterns? What century

Svante Arrhenus

19th century

300

What did scientists believe in the first half of the 20th century about CO2 levels and human related emissions?

In the first half of the 20th century scientists believed that oceans maintained CO2 levels by absorbing most human-related emissions

400

Would it better if we didn’t have the greenhouse effect at all? Explain why or why not.

The greenhouse effect maintains Earth’s temperature at around 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would be otherwise, allowing life on Earth to exist.

500

List 3 main human activities that enhance the greenhouse effect.

—Fossil fuels burned to produce energy.

—The increase in methane and nitrous oxide linked to agriculture.

—Deforestation also contributes to the increase in CO2 because when burned they release carbon and forests absorb and retain CO2.

Double Jeopardy

100

What is the max depth for most corals due to the light level?

Predominantly in the top 30 meters of water (for Zooxanthellae)

200

Current emissions will make us achieve ______ppm by _________.

550

2035

300

List 5 of the effects of Climate Change.

Ice Melting

Sea Level Rise

Extreme Weather

Ocean Acidification

Desertificaiton

Biodiversity Loss

400

What is the name of the tissue that connects colonial coral polyps and contains structures that allows corals to share nutrients?

Coenosarc

500

What are the functions of the basal plate?

Anchors coral to substrate

Area where hard corals secrete calcium carbonate.