Photosynthesis
The light-absorbing pigment found in phytoplankton, essential for photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
This process generates organic compounds using chemical energy rather than light.
What is chemosynthesis?
This ecological pyramid represents the total energy content at each trophic level.
What is a pyramid of energy?
The approximate percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next.
What is 10%?
The term for the rate at which producers create new organic matter.
What is productivity?
Besides glucose, this gas is a major product of photosynthesis that is crucial for most marine life.
What is oxygen?
Chemosynthesis is the basis of food webs found around these deep-sea geological features.
What are hydrothermal vents?
This type of pyramid might be inverted in an ocean ecosystem where phytoplankton have high turnover.
What is a pyramid of biomass?
If producers have 50,000 kJ of energy, this is the energy available to tertiary consumers, assuming 10% efficiency.
What is 50 kJ? (50,000 -> 5,000 -> 500 -> 50)
The total amount of energy fixed by producers in a given area over a given time, including energy used for their own respiration.
What is Gross Primary Production (GPP)?
The primary organisms responsible for marine photosynthesis.
What are phytoplankton?
The primary energy source for chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents is the oxidation of this compound.
What is hydrogen sulfide (H2S)?
This pyramid illustrates the number of individual organisms at each trophic level.
What is a pyramid of numbers?
A significant reason why not all solar energy reaching the ocean surface is used by primary producers.
What is reflection, absorption by water, or unsuitable wavelengths?
The amount of energy remaining after producers have met their own metabolic needs, available to higher trophic levels.
What is Net Primary Production (NPP)?
This gas is absorbed by marine producers for photosynthesis.
What is carbon dioxide?
Organisms like giant tube worms rely on a symbiotic relationship with these to carry out chemosynthesis.
What are chemosynthetic bacteria?
The reason a pyramid of energy is always upright, never inverted.
What is due to the loss of energy (e.g., as heat) at each trophic transfer?
name two ways energy is lost from organisms as it moves up a food chain.
What are respiration (heat loss), undigested food, or not all parts being eaten?
Two key abiotic factors that influence marine primary productivity.
What are light intensity and nutrient availability (e.g., nitrates, phosphates)?
This is the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
What is 6CO2+6H2O+Light Energy→C6H12O6+6O2?
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
Synthesis Comparison
This aspect differentiates photosynthesis from chemosynthesis in terms of the initial energy source.
What is light energy versus chemical energy?
How food chains and food webs relate to ecological pyramids.
What is they show the flow of energy and biomass, which is then quantitatively represented by the pyramids?
Calculate the energy lost between primary consumers (with 2,000 kJ) and secondary consumers (with 200 kJ).
What is 1,800 kJ? (2,000 kJ - 200 kJ = 1,800 kJ lost)
Explain how an algal bloom, a period of very high productivity, can ultimately lead to a "dead zone" in marine environments.
What is when the large amount of algae die and decompose, decomposers use up vast amounts of dissolved oxygen, leading to hypoxic or anoxic conditions that kill other marine life?