Vocabulary
These are classified as 'non cellular infectious agents'
What are viruses?
These two groups are included in Domain Prokarya
What are 1) Archaea and 2) Bacteria?
These viruses are adapted to infect only bacteria
What are bacteriophages?
This is formed through the process of breaking down dead, organic matter
What is detritus?
These types of viruses store genetic information in the form of RNA
What are retroviruses?
This process refers to bursting of infected cells
What is lysis?
List two general characteristics of marine bacteria
What are 1) come in a variety of shapes, 2) cell wall is rigid, 3) normally are microscopic, and 4) are abundant in all marine environments?
This type of virus can remain dormant in a host for year to decades and reproduces by inserting its DNA into the host's DNA and eventually bursting the infected cell
What are lysogenic viruses?
These are formed over billions of years by layers of cyanobacteria
What are stromatolites?
These are the two major components of a virus
What are 1) nucleic acid core and 2) protein capsid?
These organisms are the most important Prokaryotes in the marine environment
What are cyanobacteria (would also accept stromatolites)?
List three general characteristics of Prokaryotes
What is 1) no membrane-bound organelles, 2) great metabolic diversity - heterotrophic, photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic, 3) no nucleus around plasmid DNA, and 4) most have strong cell wall, flagella?
These are the general characteristics of prokaryotic organisms
What are 1) no nucleus, 2) no membrane-bound organelles, 3) single, circular chromosome, 4) unicellular, 5) great metabolic diversity?
List the three major shapes that bacterial cells can take
What are 1) spherical, 2) spiral, and 3) rod-shaped?
These are bacteria-sized viruses that possess traits of both living cells and non-living infectious agents
What are mimiviruses (microbe-mimicking viruses)?
On the board, write the name of the dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with reef corals (must spell correctly)
What are 'Zooxanthellae?'
List four major characteristics of marine diatoms
What are 1) photosynthetic, 2) yellow-brown in color, 3) silica shell, 4) mostly solitary and unicellular, 5) MOST IMPORTANT PRIMARY PRODUCER ON PLANET EARTH, 6) mostly planktonic, 7) store excess energy as oil, 8) reproduce sexually and asexually, 9) some can produce toxins?
List the three major types of viruses
What is 1) lysogenic, 2) retrovirus, 3) bacteriophages?
These two groups of organisms can go through rapid periods of growth called 'algal blooms'
What are 1) diatoms and 2) dinoflagellates?
These are the two major groups of photosynthetic pigments used by diatoms
What are 1) fucoxanthins and 2) carotenoids?
List three characteristics of eukaryotic organisms
What is 1) unicellular and multicellular, 2) DNA contained in nucleus, 3) membrane-bound organelles, and 4) include both autotrophs and heterotrophs?
This is the major difference between photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs
What is 'photoautotrophs derive E from sunlight and chemoautotrophs derive E from chemicals (usually sulfur based)?
This is why stromatolites are significant for understanding geologic history on earth
What is 'because they are considered living fossils and can date back billions of years so they can tell us a lot about the natural history and evolution of Earth?'
Briefly explain how marine diatoms reproduce
What is 'diatoms reproduce asexually and each generation shrinks and gets progressively smaller until they reproduce sexually and this allows them to return to their full, normal size?'
This is how scientists first learned to distinguish bacteria and archaea
What is 'by analyzing the chemistry of their cell walls?'