Vocabulary
These cells are found in poriferans and have flagella to help with ingestion of particles
What are choanocytes?
This term refers to a Cnidarian life stage that has an upward-facing mouth and tentacles
What is the polyp?
This phylum of worm may be inhabiting up to 8 million humans at any given time on earth
What is Phylum Nematoda?
This jellyfish feature allows them to sense light, movement, and gravity
What is the rhopalia?
This is the largest known siphonophore
What is the Portuguese-Man-of-war?
These cells specialized as the outermost layer of the sea sponge
What are pinacocytes?
The Cnidarian nervous system is made of these three major parts
What are 1) a motor nerve net, 2) a diffuse nerve net, and 3) rhopalia?
Cnidarian reproduction is complex and may depend on factors such as:
What are 'species in question and environmental conditions (that promote or inhibit socialization)?'
These organisms have a body structure described as 'a tube within a tube'
What are Nematodes?
This term refers to the free-swimming larval stage of cnidarians
What is the planula?
This term refers to the free-floating, sexually-reproducing form of the Cnidarian phylum
What is the medusa?
This phylum of marine worms includes flukes and tapeworms
What is Platyhelminthes?
List the three major tissue types found in Cnidarians
What are 1) gastrodermis, 2) epidermis, 3) mesoglea?
These marine worms are voracious predators of other worms, invertebrates, eggs, and larvae of many animals
What are arrow worms?
Define a hydrostatic skeleton
What is 'a skeleton supported by pressure or liquid that maintains the structure and stability of an organism using internal pressure?'
These sessile organisms make up approximately 64% of corals on earth were once thought to be marine plants
What are sea fans/gorgonians?
List the major structures that make up the nervous system of flatworms
What are 1) 'brain,' 2) nerve cord, and 3) photoreceptors?
These animals do not have tissue-level organization:
What are sea sponges/Poriferans?
This the 1) most deadly marine animal and 2) the longest species of marine animals
What is '1) Australian Box Jellyfish; 2) bootlace worm/Lion's Mane Jellyfish/giant siphonophores (jury is still out)?
List two species of jellyfish
What are Lion's Mane, Moon jellyfish, Australian box jellyfish, Cauliflower Jellyfish?
Briefly describe 'sea walnuts' as discussed in class
What are 'comb jellies/phylum Ctenophora; radial symmetry, no stinging nematocysts, found in brackish waters with low O2 content/higher pollution levels; native to western Atlantic and invasive in European & W. Asian seas; largest known animal to use cilia for locomotion?'
Briefly explain the nematocyst and contrast it to cnidocytes
What is 'nematocysts are coiled threads that are triggered and released into prey organisms or used as defense against predators; nematocysts are stored inside specialized cells called cnidocytes?'
Briefly explain Cnidarian reproduction
What is 'medusae are free-swimming/sexually reproducing life stage; medusae release sperm & eggs cells which form zygotes and then free-swimming larvae called planula; the planula eventually attaches itself to the ocean floor in its polyp form and beings reproducing sexually; once the colony has reached adequate size and maturity, it will being releasing sexually-reproducing medusae again?'
List and define the major body plans discussed in this unit and explain what this tells us about the organisms' evolutionary complexity
What are 1) asymmetry (no body plan), 2) radial symmetry (total symmetry around a single axis; many planes of symmetry), and 3) bilateral symmetry (symmetry along a single plane); with each body plan we see increased complexity of organisms and their nervous systems; bilateral symmetry allows for concentration of nervous and sensory equipment in the anterior (head) region which eventually allows for selection for larger, more complex nervous systems?
These Cnidarians can have tentacles up to 120 m in length and 8 clusters of up to 150 tentacles each
What is the Cauliflower Jellyfish?