Industrialization
the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing
What is industrialization?
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically and/or socially
What is imperialism?
the European competition to claim land in Africa
What was the Scramble for Africa?
a foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities
What are spheres of influence?
an Indian soldier serving under British command
What was a sepoy?
abundance of coal, navigable rivers, ports for trade/export
What are reasons the Industrial Revolution began in England?
desire for raw materials and new markets for goods
What were motivations for imperialism?
a meeting in which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa (no Africans included)
What was the Berlin Conference?
a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's illicit trade to China
What were the Opium Wars?
the British colony of India - so called because of its importance in the British Empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British goods
What was the "jewel in the crown?"
the growth of cities and migration of people into them
What is urbanization?
the adding of a region to a territory of an existing political unit
What is annexation?
colony privately owned by and operated "in union with" King Leopold
What was the Belgian Congo or the Congo Free State?
an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country
What are extraterritorial rights?
a period of Japanese history from 1867 to 1912, during which the country was ruled by Emperor Mutsuhito and experienced rapid industrialization and modernization
What was the Meiji Era?
a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home
What are cottage industries?
the application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
What is Social Darwinism?
artificial water connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
What is the Suez Canal?
a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing dynasty (Manchus), led by Hong Xiuquan
What was the Taiping Rebellion?
an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India
What was the Sepoy Mutiny?
an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages
What are unions?
belief that it was the duty of Europeans to civilize the people they conquered
What is the White Man's Burden?
the only two African states that remained independent during imperialism
What are Liberia and Ethiopia?
a 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
a 1904-05 conflict between Russia and Japan, sparked by the two countries' efforts to dominate Manchuria and Korea
What was the Russo-Japanese War?