Logic
Observation --> Best Possible Guess
What is abductive reasoning?
A way of thinking that helps us figure out answers and solve problems
What is logical reasoning?
Information that can be proven true
What is a fact?
The authors attitude towards a subject
What is tone?
What is diction and syntax?
Specific Examples --> General Conclusion
What is inductive reasoning?
1. The main point or position the author is trying to prove 2. The opposing view which the author must try to disprove
What is a claim? What is a counterclaim?
Specific instance of a general rule
What is an example?
To inform, persuade, or entertain
What is author's purpose?
Directly stated in the text, not directly stated in the text
What is explicit? What is implied?
General idea --> Specific Conclusion
What is deductive reasoning?
Attacks the person instead of the argument
What is an Ad Hominem?
The supporting points that explain why the claim is valid
What are reasons?
A word that means exactly or nearly the same as another word
What is a synonym?
Brief stories included in a larger works
What is an anecdote?
Saying one small step will lead to a chain of events resulting in something significant (usually bad)
What is slippery slope?
Making a broad statement based on a small amount of evidence
What is a Hasty Generalization?
Facts, examples, and data that back up the reasons
What is evidence?
1. The idea or feeling that a word invokes 2. The literal or dictionary definition of a word
What is connotative meaning? What is denotative meaning?
The most important ideas in a text. There can be multiple. They can be implied or stated.
What is central idea?
Distracting from the main argument with something irrelevant
What is a Red Herring?
Misrepresents someone's argument to make it easier to attack
What is a Straw Man?
The opposing viewpoints that the author addresses and refutes
What are counterarguments?
1. serious 2. impending 3. critical
What is dire? What is looming? What is severe?
1. Read carefully 2. Look for repeated ideas 3. Identify the topic 3. Summarize the text
How to find the central idea(s)?