Brown v. Board of Education
The issue in Brown.
What is whether school segregation is inherently unequal in violation of the 14th Amendment?
The issue in Parents Involved.
What is "is racial diversity a compelling interest that justifies using race to select students for admission?"
The issue in Washington.
What is if the police department's hiring practice of administering a verbal skills violated the equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?"
The issue in Keyes.
What is if all Denver schools were involved in systematic segregation in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?
The number of cameras used in in the Globe testing system.
What is "two"
The holding in Brown.
What is "separate educational facilities and institutions are inherently unequal?"
The holding in Parents Involved.
What is "using race in admissions for diversity is not a compelling interest?"
The holding in Washington found government discrimination requires (2 answers)
what is (1) a discriminatory purpose and (2) a disproportionate effect on a protected group
The holding in Keyes.
What is "plaintiffs do not need to individually prove segregation for each school and each student as long as it is proven the school system has systemically segregated?"
Political statement of graffiti in the school's outdoor space
What is Black Lives Matter
(Brown Procedural Posture) The state Brown's case originated in.
What is Kansas?
(Parents Procedural Posture) The party that won in district court.
What is Seattle School District?
(Washington Procedural Posture) The location of the federal district court the case originated in.
What is Washington D.C.?
(Keyes Procedural Posture) The second court to review this case.
What is the Court of Appeals (for the 10th Circuit)?
The GLOBE software no longer mandated during the 2021-2022 school year was used when
What is at the teachers discretion
(Brown Fact) The prior principle that allowed racially segregated schools that had to be overturned.
What is "separate but equal."
(Parents Fact) The purpose of the tiebreaker system.
What is "maintaining racial diversity?"
(Washington Fact) The allegedly discriminatory hiring practice
What is "a verbal skills test (Test 21)?"
(Keyes Fact) The allegedly discriminatory practices engaged in by Denver.
What is "gerrymandering of student attendance zones and excessive use of mobile classroom units as separate facilities?"
The purpose of Richmond School District's redistricting
What is more money for the school
(Brown Reasoning) The effects of segregation.
What is "lessened self-esteem, motivation, and overall success/ a detrimental effect on hearts and minds."
(Parents Reasoning) The court found this to be the real goal of their practices.
What is "demographic goals?"
(Washington Reasoning) The reason Strict Scrutiny was not applied
The test was not racially discriminatory on its face
(Keyes Reasoning) The actual effect of Denver's school district's practices.
What is "concentrating Black students in certain schools?"
The effect of Richmond's redistricting changes
WHat is gentrification and a lack of community diversity