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Apple produces millions of identical iPhones each year, lowering units cost but limiting flexibility for product change
Mass Production
Adidas creates shoes tailored to the customer’s foot scan, combining personalized fit with mass-market manufacturing efficiency.
mass customization
Tesla allows buyers to customize specs like wheels or interiors achieving flexibility but increasing production complexity.
Mass Customization
Coca-Cola benefits from extremely high efficiency by producing standardized drinks world wide, but struggles to adapt quickly to changing consumer change.
Mass Production
Samsung’s TV manufacturing allows global distribution at low cost, but product variety is limited due to standardized production.
mass production
Starbucks offers thousands of drink combinations, attracting customers but requiring a very flexible workflow.
Nike reduces waste by making only what is needed but relies heavily on tight coordination with global suppliers.
Lean production
Zara benefits from fast, waste-reducing production cycles, yet its efficiency depends on constant real-time demand monitoring.
lean production
toyota’s Corolla line achieves consistent quality because every unit follows the exact same sequence on the assembly line.
mass production