Mastery Assessment Review MP2

Minerals

100

What are two types of luster?

metallic and nonmetallic

200

Which two minerals can have the same fluorescent color?

1) calcite and celestine      2) calcite and zincite

3) celestine and willemite  4) celestine and zincite

4) celestine and zincite

300

The mineral zincite will scratch

1) calcite, but will not scratch celestine and willemite 2) willemite, but will not scratch calcite and celestine 3) calcite and celestine, but will not scratch willemite 4) willemite and celestine, but will not scratch calcite

3) calcite and celestine, but will not scratch willemite

400

What are the 2 most abundant elements found in the composition of minerals?

silicon and oxygen

(these are "silicate" minerals)

500

In terms of mineral properties, explain why a statue is easier to carve from pure white marble rather than from pure white quartzite.

— The mineral that makes up quartzite is harder than the mineral that makes up marble.

— The hardness of calcite is only 3 while the hardness of quartz is 7.

— Marble is softer than quartzite because it is made of calcite, a softer mineral.

Rocks

100

What is the density of mafic igneous rocks?

higher

200

Igneous and Metamorphic rocks form differently -- describe how each are formed.

Igneous - (melting &) solidification of magma

Metamorphic - heat and pressure (of any rock)

300

According to the ESRTs, what are two things granite and gabbro have in common?

MUST SAY TWO OF THESE:

- same environment of formation (intrusive/ plutonic)

- same crystal size (1-10mm)

- same texture (coarse/nonvesicular)

- both contain plagioclase feldspar (others, too, but must describe)

400

The two photographs below and the arrow between them show conglomerate and the processes that changed the conglomerate to rock X.

Rock X is most likely

           1) breccia                      2) slate  

           3) metaconglomerate     4) vesicular basalt

3) metaconglomerate

500

What is the texture of an igneous rock formed from magma that cooled slowly deep underground?

1) nonvesicular and coarse

2) nonvesicular and glassy

 3) vesicular and fine

4) vesicular and very coarse

1) nonvesicular and coarse

Relative Age Dating

100

Approximately how many million years ago (mya) were all of Africa and South America inferred to be located south of the equator?

(1) 59 mya                     (3) 232 mya 

(2) 119 mya                   (4) 359 mya

(4) 359 mya

200

A drill core is a cylinder of rock material removed from the bedrock. Letters A through J represent different rock layers. Some layers contain index fossils. The rock layers shown have not been overturned.

Identify the geologic period when rock layer A was deposited.

Ordovician Period

(Middle Ordovician is NOT correct -- it is an "Epoch".)

300

A drill core is a cylinder of rock material removed from the bedrock. The diagrams represent drill core samples from two different locations (I and II).  Letters A through J represent different rock layers. Some layers contain index fossils. The rock layers shown have not been overturned.

List the relative ages of rock layers D, E, F, and G by listing the letters from oldest to youngest.

E (oldest) D.    G.     F. (youngest)

400

Good index fossils are often abundant or easily identified. Describe two other characteristics of fossils that makes them good index fossils.

— These organisms only existed for a short time. 

— These fossils have widespread distribution.

500

Which index fossil in sedimentary surface bedrock most likely indicates that a marine environment once existed in the region where the sediments were deposited?

(1) Mastodont                   (3) Eospirifer

(2) Condor                        (4) Coelophysis

  (3) Eospirifer

Absolute Age Dating and Vocab

100

Which radioactive isotope takes the least amount of time to disintegrate?

1) potassium-40         2) carbon-14

3) uranium-238          4) rubidium-87

2) carbon-14

200

Which graph below represents the amount of potassium-40 and the amount of argon-40 and calcium-40 over four half-lives?

300

Which box best represents the ratio of these atoms at two half-lives?

400

What is cementation?

- process of sediments sticking together

-when sediments are glued together

500

Oops! What is this doing here!?

Determine the relative age sequence of the following geologic features, in order from oldest to youngest:

• Basalt 

• Fault XY 

• Volcanic ash

 (oldest) Fault XY or Fault or XY --> Volcanic Ash  or Ash --> Basalt (youngest)

Earth's Layers & Seismic Waves

100

Why are P-waves received, but S-waves are not received by seismic stations located on the opposite side of Earth from an earthquake epicenter?

(1) S-waves travel slower than P-waves. 

(2) S-waves travel faster than P-waves. 

(3) Earth’s inner core absorbs S-waves. 

(4) Earth’s outer core absorbs S-waves.

(4) Earth’s outer core absorbs S-waves.

200

What are the inferred pressure and interior temperature at the boundary between Earth’s outer core and inner core? 

(1) 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C 

(2) 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6700°C 

(3) 3.6 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C 

(4) 3.6 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6700°C

(1) 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C  

300

Which layer of Earth’s interior is inferred to be composed of solid iron and nickel?

(1) asthenosphere           (3) outer core 

(2) stiffer mantle             (4) inner core

 (4) inner core

400

Earthquake S-waves do not pass through which two interior Earth layers? 

(1) rigid mantle and asthenosphere 

(2) asthenosphere and stiffer mantle 

(3) stiffer mantle and outer core 

(4) outer core and inner core

(4) outer core and inner core

500

Compared to the crust of the continents, the crust of the oceans is:

1. thicker and less dense
2. thicker and more dense
3. thinner and less dense
4. thinner and more dense

4) thinner and more dense