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This 700-year process involved Christian polities taking territory from Muslim powers on the Iberian peninsula.
Reconquista
This form of unfree labor was a racialized, hereditary, and (in theory) permanent.
Atlantic Slavery
Ruling over the Empire of Mali in the 14th century, this ruler was known for having converted to Islam and for being extremely wealthy in gold.
Mansa Musa
This social and economic concept relies upon enslaved labor and large scale agriculture.
Plantation Complex
Passed in 1641, this set of laws not only enumerated Massachusetts Bay colonists' rights but also established the conditions under which a person could be enslaved.
Body of Liberties
This system, implemented in 1502, in theory, provided Christian teaching to Native Americans in exchange for labor and “protection”.
Encomienda
This Spanish term describes an idealized time in medieval Iberia during which Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived together with relative peace.
Convivencia
New England in the 1760s is an example of this, where enslaved people live but their labor is not the foundation of the economy.
Society with Slaves