Measured female mate preference among three spined sticklebacks.
What is dichotomous choice test?
100
What is the correlation of straight line sperm speed and PC3 as measured by the Hobson Sperm Tracker after incubation in a warm bath?
Negative.
100
The broad term to describe the differences between species that mature quickly and produce many offspring, and those that mature slowly and invest little energy into yearly offspring production.
What is pace of life.
100
How many dung beetle eggs are in each brood mass?
What is ONE!?
100
Name three species we have read about this semester.
Sticklebacks, finches, mallards, storm petrals, house wren, sand martins, swordtails...
200
Used to measure reflectance of mallard bills.
What is spectrophotometry?
200
How did low-carotenoid male sticklebacks attempt to cheat the honest signal of redness?
They allocated a higher percentage of their total carotenoids to ornament.
200
Why might sperm be more likely to drive evolution?
Mutations are more likely in sperm due to spermatogenesis involving more divisions than oogenesis. Mutations are the ultimate source of variation.
200
Why are sticklebacks a good model species for Pike et al.'s study.
Males are completely responsible for parental care post egg-laying, making their overall quality a concern for the female.
200
What are the two types of compensation?
Increased growth rate and later maturity.
300
Measures binding of sheep RBCs to natural blood antibodies. Look for the drip in the wells.
What is haemogglutination assay?
300
What are you able to predict with stickleback redness?
Male longevity/lifespan.
300
What are three types of damage that may result from oxidative stress to DNA?
Chromosome rearrangement, histone modification, cross-links, deletions, base modifications, methylation of DNA...
300
Why does Peters et al. examine wavelengths of 300 - 700 nm instead of the standard 400 - 700 nm?
Because ducks are sensitive to UV light which occurs between 320 - 400 nm.
300
How do researchers know when sticklebacks come into sexual maturity?
What is a blue eye?
400
Measures levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, and 3-de-dydrolutein, which are carotenoids present in the body.
What is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
400
PC1 correlates with this.
What is nothing?
400
Provide an argument for why a human egg is more likely to have a mutation than a sperm.
Because a female's eggs are all present after the first trimester and are exposed to all mutagens and carcinogens that the female is throughout her life. Also while a mutated sperm may not reach the egg due to decreased fitness, only one egg will drop regardless of it's DNA health.
400
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Why are ducks more susceptible to STDs than other bird species?
Because they have an intromittent organ where sperm is deposited directly into the female reproductive tract.
400
Under what oxidative stress conditions would you get no acceleration of senescence but decreased reproductive success?
Due to ROS, with increased antioxidant or repair costs and therefore must allocate energy away from reproduction.
500
Describe the differences between/measurements of PC1, PC2, and PC3.
PC1: achromatic brightness; PC2: visible chroma; PC3: UV range
500
Please tell us how female stickleback preference for the high-carotenoid male related to the difference in lifespan between it and the low-carotenoid male.
Females were more likely to chose the high-carotenoid male when the difference was large (and favored the high-carotenoid male).
500
Please describe Figure 3b (Peters et al.) in terms of principle components.
PC3 describes 300 - 400 nm and 400 - 700 nm is described by PC2.
500
Explain why Peters et al. used PCA.
There are so many wavelenth variables that could have been examined for correlations. This mathematical tool groups correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables.
500
Why are Leache's storm petrals an interesting focal species for studying telomere shortening?
Because the oldest birds started with the longest telomeres due to repair with telomerase.